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In his book, In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World, Ian Stewart discusses each equation engagingly and practically…
$a^2 + b^2 = c^2$
$log{xy} = log{x} + log{y}$
${F}_\text{gravity}=G\frac{m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}$
$i^2=-1$
$dS\geq0$
$E=mc^2$
$H=-\sum p(x) + log{p(x)}$
$x_{t+1} = kx_t(1-x_i)$