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ketamine_and_near_death_experience [2007-06-12 12:56] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ketamine_and_near_death_experience [2007-06-12 13:33] – nik | ||
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Within a scientific paradigm, it is not possible that "the spirit rises out of the body leaving the brain behind, but somehow still incorporating neuronal functions such as sight, hearing, and proprioception" | Within a scientific paradigm, it is not possible that "the spirit rises out of the body leaving the brain behind, but somehow still incorporating neuronal functions such as sight, hearing, and proprioception" | ||
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Hearing noises during the initial part of the NDE has been described - the significance of this feature will be discussed later (Noyes and Kletti, 1976a; Morse et al., 1985; Osis and Haraldsson, 1977; Greyson and Stevenson, | Hearing noises during the initial part of the NDE has been described - the significance of this feature will be discussed later (Noyes and Kletti, 1976a; Morse et al., 1985; Osis and Haraldsson, 1977; Greyson and Stevenson, | ||
- | 1. ; Ring, 1980; Sabom, 1982; Greyson, 1983). | + | 1.; Ring, 1980; Sabom, 1982; Greyson, 1983). |
Ring (1980) classified NDE's on a 5 stage continuum: | Ring (1980) classified NDE's on a 5 stage continuum: | ||
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- | 1. entering a transitional world of darkness (rapid movements through tunnels: 'the tunnel experience' | + | 1. entering a transitional world of darkness (rapid movements through tunnels: 'the tunnel experience' |
4. emerging into bright light; and | 4. emerging into bright light; and | ||
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- | 1. ' | + | 1. ' |
- | 1. % experienced stage 1, but only 10% attained stage 5 (Ring, 1980). | + | 1. % experienced stage 1, but only 10% attained stage 5 (Ring, 1980). |
As might be predicted in a mental state with a neurobiological origin, mundane accounts with less symbolic meaning also occur, e.g. children who may ' | As might be predicted in a mental state with a neurobiological origin, mundane accounts with less symbolic meaning also occur, e.g. children who may ' | ||
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The intravenous administration of 50 - 100 mg of ketamine can reproduce all of the features which have commonly been associated with NDE's. Intramuscular administration also results in NDE's, but events evolve at a slower pace and are longer lasting (Domino et al., 1965; Rumpf ,1969; Collier, 1972; Siegel, | The intravenous administration of 50 - 100 mg of ketamine can reproduce all of the features which have commonly been associated with NDE's. Intramuscular administration also results in NDE's, but events evolve at a slower pace and are longer lasting (Domino et al., 1965; Rumpf ,1969; Collier, 1972; Siegel, | ||
- | 1. ; Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1981; White, 1982; Ghoniem et al., 1985; Sputz, 1989; Jansen, 1989a,b, 1990b, 1993, | + | 1. ; Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1981; White, 1982; Ghoniem et al., 1985; Sputz, 1989; Jansen, 1989a,b, 1990b, 1993, |
- | 2. , 1996). | + | 2. , 1996). |
Mounting evidence suggests that the reproduction/ | Mounting evidence suggests that the reproduction/ |