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plant_tricks [2009-01-26 11:04] 87.210.198.207plant_tricks [2012-02-20 20:37] (current) cocky
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 +==== Insects Use Plant Like a "Telephone" ====
  
 +Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean and aboveground herbivorous insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals via the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are alerted that the plant is already 'occupiedÃ'.
 +
 +Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects emit chemical signals via the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging enables spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not unintentionally compete for the same plant.
 +
 +In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa. It seems that a mechanism has developed via natural selection, which enables the subterranean and aboveground insects to detect each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
 +
 +Green telephone lines 
 +
 +Via the 'green telephone lines', subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars. Parasitic wasps lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the volatile signals emitted by the leaves, as these reveal where they can find a good host for their eggs.
 +
 +The communication between subterranean and aboveground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is.
 +
 +The research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. The PhD project, in which this study was carried out, was funded by the Free Competition of NWO Earth and Life Sciences.
 +
 +http://www.cellular-news.com/story/30727.php
 ==== 3 Plant mechanismes om predatoren aan te trekken ==== ==== 3 Plant mechanismes om predatoren aan te trekken ====
  
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 source: http://noorderlicht.vpro.nl/artikelen/26913935/ source: http://noorderlicht.vpro.nl/artikelen/26913935/
  
-==== Insects Use Plant Like a "Telephone" ====+network shared plants communicate through their runners: http://www.livescience.com/1909-plants-communicate-warn-danger.html
  
-Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean and aboveground herbivorous insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals via the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are alerted that the plant is already 'occupiedÃ'. 
  
-Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects emit chemical signals via the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging enables spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not unintentionally compete for the same plant. 
- 
-In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa. It seems that a mechanism has developed via natural selection, which enables the subterranean and aboveground insects to detect each other. This avoids unnecessary competition. 
- 
-Green telephone lines  
- 
-Via the 'green telephone lines', subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars. Parasitic wasps lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the volatile signals emitted by the leaves, as these reveal where they can find a good host for their eggs. 
- 
-The communication between subterranean and aboveground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is. 
- 
-The research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. The PhD project, in which this study was carried out, was funded by the Free Competition of NWO Earth and Life Sciences. 
- 
-http://www.cellular-news.com/story/30727.php 
  
 ==== Misleidende schimmels en bloemen ==== ==== Misleidende schimmels en bloemen ====
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 +BBC series:  How to Grow a Planet,
 +How flowers have transformed our planet. He journeys to the remote islands of the South Pacific to track down the earliest flowers. In the deserts of Africa and rainforests of Vietnam, he sees how they brought brilliant colour to the most barren landscapes and sculpted the earth itself. And he learns how they drove the evolution of all animals -
 +
 +Bees evolved from carnivorous wasps that had turned their backs on meat in favour of pollen and nectar. As they evolved they became perfectly adapted to collect pollen from flowers. Their whole bodies became covered in hair, so that the pollen would stick to them when they landed on flowers. They developed their special antennae to smell out nectar. Their sophisticated compound eyes – each made up of up to 6000 tiny lenses, were prefect at spotting the flowers. Many flowers have markings on them which are only visible in UV light. Humans aren’t able to see these markings but bees have a bundle of light-sensitive cells to detect UV light.
  
-[[project groworld]]+[[project groworld]]\\ 
 +[[plant_perception]]
  
  
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