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- | =====P N E U M A T O L O G Y===== | + | ========pneumatology======== |
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- | ====Context==== | ||
- | // | + | |
- | * a visual survey of -alive inflatables- ,\\ | + | |
- | * writings trying to distincts what makes an inflatable -alive- | + | |
- | * a collection of physical materials suited for inflatables for foam's public library\\ | + | |
- | * a collection of innovative inflatable experts, labs etc.\\ | + | |
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- | ====Lightness as a state of being==== | + | |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Lightness as a state of being ===== | ||
Around our contemporary environmental questions at least one thing became clear to me and that’s that out of fear, or to build on top of our guilt, we can’t create anything. So instead I rather like to slide the heavy burden of my shoulders and choose the quality of lightness. | Around our contemporary environmental questions at least one thing became clear to me and that’s that out of fear, or to build on top of our guilt, we can’t create anything. So instead I rather like to slide the heavy burden of my shoulders and choose the quality of lightness. | ||
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And in wondering if we can construct our worlds from the lightest quality surrounding us everywhere: –air- inflatable architecture comes the closests. Its thin flexible membrane, acts as a space-defining skin is able to give shape of –air- itself allowing it to be a breathing unity with its own integrity. Its close related to its surrounding its specifically bodily and tactile by nature and its portable, mobile, and playful. | And in wondering if we can construct our worlds from the lightest quality surrounding us everywhere: –air- inflatable architecture comes the closests. Its thin flexible membrane, acts as a space-defining skin is able to give shape of –air- itself allowing it to be a breathing unity with its own integrity. Its close related to its surrounding its specifically bodily and tactile by nature and its portable, mobile, and playful. | ||
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- | ====Aim==== | ||
- | =====Research topics===== | ||
- | ***A Visual Collection of -Alive Inflatables-** | ||
- | In looking for structures for inflatables as a visual survey; I became very tired quickly. | ||
- | Maybe because I came across a lot of dead stuff. So I decided to intuitively look for inflatables I just liked. And then after looking at them I found out what the quality of these inflatables was and that was that they were alive. In such a way that it are inflatable spaces you want to be emerged with, play with, be involved with | ||
- | And some of these inflatables are to simple to be true, but have an amazing opening effect on people. | ||
- | So I look for inflatable architectural structures which are alive in one way or another, where something is happening. | ||
- | the collection of Living Inflatables one can see at: ……. | ||
- | ***A pattern language for -living inflatables** | ||
- | Chistopher Alexander has unraveled in 1977a pattern language to create ' | ||
- | And I have made a specific pattern language for -inflatable architectural structures-, | ||
- | | + | |
- | After Coming across some problematic patterns in creating inflatables myself, and the inflatable structures of the architects of Airs’s Luminarium and some more colleagues, | + | |
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//" | //" | ||
I know it is wrong." | I know it is wrong." | ||
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- | =====An Inflatable Pattern Language===== | ||
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- | Architects of Air [UK] are creating every year a new inflatable structure where people can be moved to a sense of wonder at the phenomenon of light it aims to bring a visual surprise and excitement into the everyday environment. There structures are working quite well and I | ||
- | I will describe their patterns they have deepened over the years quite distinct.\\ | ||
- | {{balloon3.jpg? | ||
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- | // | ||
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- | |||
- | ===Co-structors=== | ||
- | Even when an inflatable has been in situ for several weeks there is still maintained the element of surprise for those traveling to work, going shopping or to school. People walking by are drawn to discover what is within. They can see the movement of the structure caused by people walking around inside, they can see the outlines of visitors’ bodies as they lie back against the sides, they can see the regular inflation and deflation of the airlock as it swallows and disgorges groups of visitors. Once inside, visitors can enjoy the unique nature of the structure. No two visits to a structure are the same, the atmosphere inside alters according to changing weather, the changing light and the experience is also very much affected by the other visitors inside and the way that they relate to the Luminarium. The visitor’s are co-structures of the space. | ||
- | |||
- | ===Natural coloured/ | ||
- | The experience of light and colour inside is purely created by the daylight shining through the translucent parts of colored plastic - a plastic made especially for Architects of Air-. Luminescent light will add special life. | ||
- | The raindrops on the outside can be experienced on the inside through its semitransparent plastics. | ||
- | One can place an inflatable under a tree to create filtered light. Light filtering through a leafy tree is very pleasant - it lends excitement, cheerfulness, | ||
- | An object which has small scale patterns of light dancing on it is sensually pleasing, and stimulates us biologically. Some filmmakers claim the play of light upon the retina is naturally sensuous, all by itself.\\ | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | {{column.jpg? | ||
- | //Daylight grading down a column, The ceiling with blue luminescent stripes of 1,5 cm gives a strong luminescent effect.// | ||
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\\ | \\ | ||
- | //Frank Lloyd Wright describes his use of the canvas roof, in the very early structures at Taliesin West: | + | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
- | . . the Taliesin Fellowship (is a) desert camp on a great Arizona mesa which the boys, together with myself, are now building to work and live in during the winter-time. Many of the building units have canvas tops carried by red-wood framing resting on massive stone walls made by placing the flat desert stones into wood boxes and throwing in stones and concrete behind them. Most of the canvas frames may be opened or kept closed. . . . The canvas overhead being translucent, | + | == more on inflatables== |
- | there is a very beautiful light to live and work in; I have experienced nothing like it elsewhere except in Japan somewhat, in their houses with sliding paper walls or " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Sitting alcoves=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | {{17.jpg? | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | //There are ‘pods’ or ‘holes’ where you can sit dow, lie back, play and hide// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Disorienting and comforting=== | + | |
- | The space is simultaneously disorienting because of its libarynth set up and at the same time its soft topological inner space provides a comfortable feeling. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Entrance transition=== | + | |
- | The transition space before entering the main-entrance helps to slowly come to a different mindset. At the main entrance were two columns inflated on high pressure. Most people touched these columns before entering inside and entering the first, where one could take of their shoes, was a space still open to the outside air so | + | |
- | there wasn’t a certain abruptness about suddenly stepping in, from the outside, directly to the inside…it is subtle, but enough to inhibit you. This is psychologically half way between indoors and outdoors, and makes is much easier, more simple to take each of the smaller steps that brings you into the inflatable. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Ceiling height variety=== | + | |
- | The vaults helps to create the ceiling height variety of the different spaces inside. | + | |
- | Low spaces are more intimate and high more formal. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Columns=== | + | |
- | Columns are influencing the space around them, and then we are talking about a | + | |
- | circle shaped area with a radius of about 1,5 meter. Column preferably should be a thick ones. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Different paths to walk=== | + | |
- | When a space has crossing paths from different ' | + | |
- | there, so it becomes a pleasant customary place to be. One can resolve the forces for | + | |
- | themselves. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===The skin=== | + | |
- | Our contact with the world takes place at the boundary line of the self through specialized parts of our enveloping membrane. There is a very special beauty about inflatables. It has a softness, a suppleness, which is in harmony with wind and light and sun. It will touch all the elements more nearly than it can when it is made only with hard conventional materials. It can be used to filter very bright hot sunlight or to make total darkness, protect from wind meanwhile showing a little breeze and it can hold off a drizzle. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Portability=== | + | |
- | They are build to fold away, being carried and are easily to set up. | + | |
- | in combination with tensile structures [with pulling forces – in the construction] one can make strong, lightweight and portable structures. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===The more problematic patterns=== | + | |
- | * To me the space is too blobby round.\\ | + | |
- | //[When we look at the human-power working on a space, we see that a social space should have a form in | + | |
- | between | + | |
- | best on us if a space is about rectangular. Even the strange geometry of a dome can be experienced as a | + | |
- | | + | |
- | of 180-210 cm and rizes 13 till 20 percent of the smallest diameter of a space.]// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * It became very hot when its warm, or freezing when its cold. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * The PVC material which is especially smell-wise very dominant in its odeur and very toxic in its nature, so not io beautiful in the end. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * For me the fixed choice of colors was very dominant; it was impossible to put you own fantasy to the color, a blue was so blue, that it only gave its impact on you. In the areas where colors started to mingle were more interesting. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | * People inside became very sleepy after a while; it´s a passive space aswell the ongoing ambient music makes you murf and maybe it was as well the dose or flow of oxygen which slows you down.\\ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | =====Design considerations for inflatable structures====== | + | |
- | After Coming across the problematic patterns of the architects of Airs’s Luminarium. I thought its worthwhile to acknowledge the most common obstacles one comes across in inflatable structures anyhow. No solutions will be given to any design problem, but some suggestions will be given so now and then… When we are able to surpass | + | |
- | these obstacles, these structures will be more stable and alive. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Temperature regulation=== | + | |
- | adapt/ | + | |
- | A single skin inflatable can become instant hot when the sun shines, or freezing cold when not. | + | |
- | For temperature regulation one can think of a double skin; where walls of air will have an isolation function and at the same time an acoustics isolation function. In this way the walls can as well become a part of the construction. The climate in these zones can be influenced artificially. | + | |
- | Heat- There is always a temperature differential | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Cold – One can use portable heaters and a layer of polyurethane foam beneath the structure. | + | |
- | Or to find some sheltering of bushes for the inflatable on the north side to keep warm.\\ | + | |
- | \\{{airqarium1.jpg? | + | |
- | + | ||
- | //Festo’s Airquarium holds a water-filled torus serving as a foundation and at the same time a water-exchanger for cooling | + | |
- | and heating, (water cools much better then air, it can store the coldness better) and it holds a weather station thermostat-control. | + | |
- | Festo has as well designed an ‘Exhibition Hall’ exploring the field of air-conditioning. In addition to the natural ventilation through the two doors, an air conditioning system is provided. The conditioned air is distributed via 2 textile supply air-supply ducts, suspended from the ceiling. Gravel fill under the grating is used as heat storage; light -colored Rhine gravel keeps infrared absorption to a minimum. Radiators in the air space between grating and gravel bed heat the hall in winter. In summer a cooling system is available to cool the hall. The double layer walls of the exhibition hall promise improved thermal insulation compared with conventional membranes. Soft Shells, Hans-Joachim Schock, p102-105]// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Air ventilation=== | + | |
- | The focus of an inflated bubble is to make it airtight so it preserves its air preciously, but make sure there is an air-circulation going on inside the inflatable. [see as well Festo’s Exhibition Hall at temperature] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Hybrid Structures can get us further…=== | + | |
- | {{hybrid_structures.jpg|}}\\ | + | |
- | //There is a big potential of carbon fibers. (or bamboo, which is naturally divided into closed compartments that prevent it from buckling) which can leads to a very light structure.// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Buckminster Fuller bedacht tensegrity: een samentrekking van tension en integrity. | + | |
- | De essenty van alle tensegrity constructie is, dat alle trekbelasting wordt opgenomen door een enkel continu element, bijvoorbeeld door een kabel, terwijl afzonderlijke korte dikke elementen de drukrachten voor hun rekening nemen. Het opvangen van trekbelasting heeft het voordeel ten opzichte van druk dat er minder materiaal voor nodig is. trek leidt tot rank en dun. Met kabels en stangen en met een membraan of doek (tent, ballon) zijn goede constructies temaken. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Strings and fabrics are basic structuring materials which exclusively absorb tension stress, fabric is able to do this in more directions. To distribute forces they have an entire surface at their disposal instead of just one line. | + | |
- | therefor they are ideal for creating light objects. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | There are a number of basic rules for supporting a maximum load with a minimum of material. To start with , a structure needs as many natural load paths as possible, with a minimum of diversions or dead ends so the topology of load paths should be optimal. Next if possible, try to replace beams that are under pressure with systems in wich tension forces are predominant. Think for instance, of diagonal in frames and of tensegrity | + | |
- | structures, as devised by buck Minster Fuller. (flying lightness) | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Mostly the edges of an fabric' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===How to evacuate=== | + | |
- | {{airqarium2.jpg? | + | |
- | In Festo’s Airquarium they build a steel frame, which can keep up the cloth in case that an evacuation procedure will be initiated in the event of: winds exceeding 40km/hour, power failure, structure allure or others. Make sure there are divers zips positioned throughout the structures that can be opened in case of an emergency. On can as well think of a tunnel made out of steel frame keeping up the cloth and leading you to an exit. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Whole system thinking=== | + | |
- | One of the classical mistakes often made with a new material, is to leave the original structure | + | |
- | and functional design largely unchanged. but with the choice of new materials, structural concepts and production techniques can be an intended improvement of the performance of the system as a whole. | + | |
- | By means of integral redesign, in which balanced integration and segregation of all functions | + | |
- | are key factors can improve all aspects. So for instance you when creating a space focused on acoustic isolation, temperature regulation, and portability, | + | |
- | Other ways to think ‘whole’: | + | |
- | * Think about creating micro-climates | + | |
- | * Think in bio-life-cycles | + | |
- | * Think about integrated responsive systems | + | |
- | * Think of the " | + | |
- | * Think of it as an organism situated within an environment which information flows from and to the surrounding environment via semi-permeable membranes. | + | |
- | * Think 3 generations ahead | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | // | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===How to design an airlock=== | + | |
- | Airlocks are required at entrances to prevent loss of internal air-pressure. Examples of entrances are a revolving door, airlock portals or just zippers or Velcro. Zippers (and there also exist waterproof zippers) are easier to operate than Velcro.\\ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{airlock.jpg? | + | |
- | -An entrance via the two sheets pressed together because of the air-pressure inside.\\ | + | |
- | -When using a double wall construction; | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{airlock_2.jpg? | + | |
- | -Festo’s airquariums airlock; a rigid tunnel-construction with on each side a door.\\ | + | |
- | -Theo Botschuiver' | + | |
- | -Theo Botschuiver' | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | {{aairlock.jpg|}}\\ | + | |
- | // | + | |
- | Where you can take of your shoes, then via a door flap one enters the first outer airlock (middel), both the entranceportal and the outer airlock are strechted up by high pressure poles, after the outer airlock via another flap one enters the inner airlock (tunnel left), and via a last doorflap finally in the mainstructure (on the far left). An assistent ensurse that the outer doorflaps are closed before the inner doorflap is opened.// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | The How to make a door for your bubble from Akairways.\\ | + | |
- | {{how_to_make_a_door.jpg? | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===How to extend inflatables in modular parts=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | One way is to connect parts by short round corridor pipes as a space to extend and connect the pipes through waterproof zips | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | {{modular_parts.jpg? | + | |
- | leaking connecting Corridor zips from Architects of Air | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Fingers and ventialators=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{ventilator_net.jpg? | + | |
- | One can prevent children sticking their fingers in the ventilator by stitching a net | + | |
- | in the pipe-hole. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Implotions=== | + | |
- | Some inflatable pumps can implode | + | |
- | + | ||
- | (Transparent) inflatables, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===The analogy of blowing bubbles=== | + | |
- | {{soap_uit_flying_lightness.jpg? | + | |
- | Stacking spheres and making them share their skins lead to the minimum energy structure of foam. Foam consists of shapes with an average of 14 faces, a minimum energy structure in the sense that stress is optimally divided in spaces. Various cells with different diameters can be build together in a stable way. If we combine, for instance, three articulated cells we obtain a multi-dome construction in which the dividing walls, possibly reduced to pillars, become structural elements loaded with pure tension. [from flying lightness] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===How does the floor feel under your feet=== | + | |
- | A single layered material sheet, laying on grass gives a very pleasurable feeling to your feet. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===How to get the air in=== | + | |
- | {{air_in_inflatables.jp? | + | |
- | One can try to make a ' | + | |
- | Or even is it possible to get the natural wind streams direct inside the inflatables. | + | |
- | Windy cities with high buildings or seasides can develop spots with a constant flow of high wind-speeds. | + | |
- | Or work with green energy sources like: windmills, wind towers, scoops, solar power, kite set-ups etc. to generate energy for inflating. Or one can make use of self-inflating techniques where you wouldn' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===What kind of skins do you want to inflate=== | + | |
- | The skin maybe the biggest organ in architecture. Its that thin fleece which keeps the integrity of a space whole. You can design different kinds of qualities for the skin: a skin which is semipermeable, | + | |
- | One can make it responsive by integration of [[subtle technologies]], | + | |
- | One can look into microfibers, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | + | |
- | [[material_library]]' | + | |
- | **Fairs**: The composite fair in France (for composite sticks), TechnoTextile, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Dominant smells=== | + | |
- | Many inflatables have a very dominant smell inside. Especially the one which use | + | |
- | pvc’s . There are aswell many plastics which adapts the smell in them, depending on what happened, they can leave you with a smell of fried oilballs, sigarettsmoke, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Anchoring=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | {{anchoring.jpg? | + | |
- | -Architects of air’s anchorage by pins 800mm x 25mm diameter. | + | |
- | -Ballast anchorage usually takes the form of sandbags or concrete blocks in units of 125k, to come to a total weight from 5 - 12 tons | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | {{anchoring_2.jpg? | + | |
- | Theo Botschuiver' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Static materials=== | + | |
- | Some materials are so static; that all your hair will rise or even one can get electic shocks when touching the fabric. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===How to diffuse the daylight and how to get light in the dark=== | + | |
- | {{diffuse_daylight.jpg|}}\\ | + | |
- | The spaces can leave the spectator disorientated, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Accecesible for less mobile people=== | + | |
- | The structures have been of value in attracting sectors of the community that are often excluded and | + | |
- | have traditionally been difficult to involve, in particular the elderly and people with mobility difficulties. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===It-sustains-itself=== | + | |
- | A good inflatable design can be so congruent with peoples feelings that it sustains itself- when it gets dirty or worn people take care of it themselves, because the pattern is deeply connected to their own experience. From outside, it seems as though the inflatable maintains itself almost as if by magic. | + | |
- | It is the self-sustaining character the living inflatable has, which is the result of making something with real care. | + | |
- | Because people enjoy being there, they look after it and even when no one else is there, you can “feel” the presence of life there, because you can sense that people are taking care of it.\\ | + | |
- | \\ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Getting old nicely=== | + | |
- | {{getting_old_nicely.jpg|}}\\ | + | |
- | The character of nature can’t arise without the presence and the consiousness of death. | + | |
- | But before they die, make sure you choose materials which decay nicely. Modern modern sculptures or architects often choose material which decay awfull. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | ===Build to die=== | + | |
- | The character of nature is fluid, rough, irregular, but it will not be true, unless it is made in the knowledge that it is going to die. | + | |
- | No matter how much the person who makes a building is able to understand the rhythm of regularity, it will mean noting so long as he creates it with the idea that it must be preserved because it is so precious. If you want to preserve a building, you will try to make it in materials which last forever. | + | |
- | But to reach the quality without a name, a building must be made, at least in part, of those materials which age and crumble. Soft tile and brick, soft plaster, fading caots of paint, canvas which has been bleached a little and torn by wind. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Cradle to Cradle=== | + | |
- | Conventional environmentalists focus on what not to do, here it can use aswell some transformation: | + | |
- | presention an inspiring and exiciting vision of change. | + | |
- | Environmental destruction is a complex system in its own right – widespread , with deeper causes that are difficultt to see and understand. Like our ansestor, we may react automatically with terror and guilt and we may look for ways to purge ourselves ( get rid of the unwanted feeling) which the eco-efficient movement provides in abundance, to focus on what not to do by minimizing, avoiding, reducing, and sacrificing. Humans are condemmed as the one species on the planet guilty of burdening it beyond what it can withstand; as such, we must shrink our presence, our systems, our activities, and even our population so as to become almost invisible. | + | |
- | But what about ourselves, we are part of human nature to and if we don’t usse our creativity we’ll die. | + | |
- | To be less bad is to accept things as they are, to believe that poorly designed, dishonorable, | + | |
- | These kind of guild we are carrying on our shoulders and especially the fear it brings with it are destroying your creativity, and it is especially this creativity you need to come up with intelligent solutions. | + | |
- | So what about an entirely different model | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Preferably is to work with biodegradable materials so after use one can feed | + | |
- | it in the form of nutrients to the ground or to use materials which can be upcycled in a techinal cycle the [[cradle_to_cradle]] concept. | + | |
- | One can use materials which after use can break it down in the bio cycles (like plastics made from mais), or upcycle it in a technical cycle. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | But it isn't always that simple; for instance one wants to use [[bioplastic]], | + | |
- | But you don’t have to be perfect right now as long there is a direction and all these materials are not all available now, | + | |
- | but you can set your goal for 20 years, just define where you wanna go.\\ | + | |
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- | ==== Discussion==== | + | *[[An Inflatable Pattern Language]]: A despription of the patterns based on the structures of `The Architects on Air (UK), which can be useful for anyone interested in building ‘living inflatable structures’. |
- | - As I' | + | |
- | * // | + | *[[Design Considerations For Inflatable Structures]]: |
- | | + | |
- | | + | |
- | - The Visual Collection of -Alive Inflatables- | ||
- | In looking for structures for inflatables as a visual survey; I became very tired quickly. Maybe because I came across a lot of dead stuff. So I decided to look intuitively for inflatables I just liked. And then after looking at them I found out what the quality of these inflatables was and that was that they were alive in one way or another. In such a way that it are inflatable spaces you want to be emerged with, play with, be involved with. And some of these inflatables are to simple to be true, but have an amazing opening effect on people. After having an inspiring collection, all kinds of different structures unfold by themselves, and it was out of curiousity I was eager to give explanations by all the pictures. | ||
- | - Up to now I noticed people (no matter what their profession is) react very strongly on the visual collection of the research, and yes it was | + | * Related reading notes: [[The Timeless Way Of Building]] by Christopher Alexander, [[Cradle |
- | - As a follow up from this research I have like do realize two events where I will develop inflatable spaces solely inflated by wind. | ||
- | - I l like to continue on three parts of the research; the collections of the visual survey, the collection of inflatable materials for the library and the list of interesting inflatable producers, labs, experts etc. | + | *[[Research Report Cocky Eek]]\\ |
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- | =====references===== | ||
- | ===Books=== | ||
- | * [[Cradle to cradle]] William McDonough & Michael Braungart, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-0-86547-8 | ||
- | * [[The Timeless Way of Building]], Christopher Alexander, 1979, ISBN 0-19-502248-3 | ||
- | * Een Patroontaal, | ||
- | * Aeolian Winds and the the Spirit in renaissance Architecture, | ||
- | * Six Memos for the Next Millenium, Italo Calvino, 1996, ISBN 9780099730514 | ||
- | * Intelligent Skins, Michael Wigginton - Jude Harris, | ||
- | * The Inflatable moment, Marc Dessauce, 1999, ISBN 1-56898-176-7 | ||
- | * Where' | ||
- | * Blow Up, Sean Topham, 2002, ISBN 3-7913-2687-2 | ||
- | * Lightness, Adriaan Beukers - Ed van Hinte, 2001, ISBN 90-6450-334-6 | ||
- | * Flying Lightness, Adriaan Beukers - Ed van Hinte, 2005, ISBN 90-6450-538-1 | ||
- | * [[The Eyes of the Skin]], Juhani Pallasmaa, 2005, ISBN 0470015780 | ||
- | * Nature Culture Fusion-Louis, | ||
- | * Leven op ’t hof, Gerard smallegange, | ||
- | * Form Defining Strategies, Markus Hudert | ||