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--- psychological_models_of_empathy [2010-05-06 11:02] – davegriffiths
+++ psychological_models_of_empathy [2010-05-06 11:51] – davegriffiths
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 =====Types of Empathy=====
-  * Cognitive empathy - just an understanding of other's internal state
+  * Cognitive empathy - an understanding of other's internal state
   * Affective empathy - includes the emotional reaction to other's internal state
-=====Emotional Contagion=====
+====Emotional Contagion====
-Affective empathy can come from cognative empathy, but can also come from direct transfer of emotions - "emotional contagion". This is important for social identity and group dynamics - eg. a herd needing to react quickly to the presence of a predator, which may only be spotted by a few individuals.
+Affective empathy can come from cognitive empathy, but can also come from direct transfer of emotions - "emotional contagion". This is important for social identity and group dynamics - eg. a herd needing to react quickly to the presence of a predator, which may only be spotted by a few individuals.
 Emotional contagion may result in different immediate responses in more complex situations, such as 'gloating'.
-=====OCC Theory (used for FAtiMA)=====
+====Empathic processes=====
-{{:occ.png|}}
+The separation of empathy into cognition and it's results are important because the outcomes can also be seen as the result of other processes.
+====Non-cognitive processes====
+  * Pre-verbal links
+  * Early in life - babies cry in presence of other crying babies.
+  * Motor mimicry, simply following other's gestures creates an emotional link - also used later in life.
+====Simple cognitive processes====
+  * 'Classical conditioning' sharing an intense emotional experience with another person, allows you to learn the connection between responses and situations. Later you can relate a similar response in another person with the event you've experienced.
+  * Internal labeling of situations with appropriate responses.
+====Advanced cognitive processes====
+  * Language understanding (even alone, in situations like engaging with characters in a book)
+  * 'Role taking' - imagining yourself in another's perspective.
+All these can operate simultaneously.
+====Intrapersonal outcomes====
+  * Internal changes, expressed or not
+  * Affective outcomes
+    * Parallel - same emotion, motor mimicry
+    * Reactive - merge own with other's reactions (distress, sympathy or gloating).
+Accuracy of understanding is determined by:
+  * Similarity and familiarity with subject
+  * Difference between explaining your own behaviours and others (tend to be situational forces vs personality characteristics)
+====Interpersonal outcomes====
+Changes in behavior resulting from empathic processes:
+  * Helping
+  * Aggression
+  * Social behavior
+=====OCC Theory=====
   * [[http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dA3JEEAp6TsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Ortony,+A.,+Clore,+G.,+and+Collins,+A.+1988.+The+cognitive+structure+of+emotions.&ots=HTQyRraQl9&sig=a5m-jC_3utlwQVJ1V2EMTNl1Dy8#v=onepage&q&f=false|Ortony, A., Clore, G., and Collins, A. 1988. The cognitive structure of emotions. University Press, Cambridge]]
-  * [[http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=2&ved=0CA8QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.63.4323%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rct=j&q=integrating+the+occ+model+in+embodied&ei=_lPhS5_ULML__Aap28HCAg&usg=AFQjCNGNAIn1IMOtmo6WGYd5_8WPwQtOCA|Integrating the OCC Model of Emotions in Embodied Characters]]
+Used as the basis of [[lirec:FAtiMA]]
   * Appraisal of events -> Emotions
+  * Appraisals can be checked and are learned over time
+Appraisals are carried out on:
+  * Objects regarding their appealingness
+  * Agents regarding the praiseworthyness of their actions
+  * Outcomes of events regarding their desirability, for the agent itself, or for others.
+{{:occ2.png|}}
+  * [[http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=2&ved=0CA8QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.63.4323%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rct=j&q=integrating+the+occ+model+in+embodied&ei=_lPhS5_ULML__Aap28HCAg&usg=AFQjCNGNAIn1IMOtmo6WGYd5_8WPwQtOCA|Integrating the OCC Model of Emotions in Embodied Characters]]
 =====PSI=====