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| ==== St. Benedict' | ==== St. Benedict' | ||
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| + | (one of the [[Christian Monastic Ways]]) | ||
| ST. BENEDICT' | ST. BENEDICT' | ||
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| ===== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===== | ===== TABLE OF CONTENTS ===== | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 1—May 2—Sept. 1 ==== | + | == Jan. 1—May 2—Sept. 1 == |
| Listen, my son, to your master' | Listen, my son, to your master' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 2—May 3—Sept. 2 ==== | + | == Jan. 2—May 3—Sept. 2 == |
| Let us arise, then, at last, for the Scripture stirs us up, saying, “Now is the hour for us to rise from sleep.” Let us open our eyes to the deifying light, let us hear with attentive ears the warning which the divine voice cries daily to us, “Today if you hear His voice, harden not your hearts.” And again, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” And what does He say? “Come, My children, listen to Me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while you have the light of life, lest the darkness of death overtake you.” | Let us arise, then, at last, for the Scripture stirs us up, saying, “Now is the hour for us to rise from sleep.” Let us open our eyes to the deifying light, let us hear with attentive ears the warning which the divine voice cries daily to us, “Today if you hear His voice, harden not your hearts.” And again, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” And what does He say? “Come, My children, listen to Me; I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Run while you have the light of life, lest the darkness of death overtake you.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 3—May 4—Sept. 3 ==== | + | == Jan. 3—May 4—Sept. 3 == |
| And the Lord, seeking His laborer in the multitude to whom He thus cries out, says again, “Who is the man who will have life, and desires to see good days?” And if, hearing Him, you answer, “I am he,” God says to you, “If you will have true and everlasting life, keep your tongue from evil and your lips that they speak no guile. Turn away from evil and do good; seek after peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes shall be upon you and My ears open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say to you, ‘Behold, here I am.' | And the Lord, seeking His laborer in the multitude to whom He thus cries out, says again, “Who is the man who will have life, and desires to see good days?” And if, hearing Him, you answer, “I am he,” God says to you, “If you will have true and everlasting life, keep your tongue from evil and your lips that they speak no guile. Turn away from evil and do good; seek after peace and pursue it. And when you have done these things, My eyes shall be upon you and My ears open to your prayers; and before you call upon Me, I will say to you, ‘Behold, here I am.' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 4—May 5—Sept. 4 ==== | + | == Jan. 4—May 5—Sept. 4 == |
| Having our loins girded, therefore, with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him who has called us to His kingdom. | Having our loins girded, therefore, with faith and the performance of good works, let us walk in His paths by the guidance of the Gospel, that we may deserve to see Him who has called us to His kingdom. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 5—May 6—Sept. 5 ==== | + | == Jan. 5—May 6—Sept. 5 == |
| Hence the Lord says in the Gospel, “Whoever listens to these words of Mine and acts upon them, I will liken him to a wise man who built his house on rock. The floods came, the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on rock.” | Hence the Lord says in the Gospel, “Whoever listens to these words of Mine and acts upon them, I will liken him to a wise man who built his house on rock. The floods came, the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on rock.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 6—May 7—Sept. 6 ==== | + | == Jan. 6—May 7—Sept. 6 == |
| So, brethren, we have asked the Lord who is to dwell in His tent, and we have heard His commands to anyone who would dwell there; it remains for us to fulfil those duties. | So, brethren, we have asked the Lord who is to dwell in His tent, and we have heard His commands to anyone who would dwell there; it remains for us to fulfil those duties. | ||
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| - | + | == Jan. 7—May 8—Sept. 7 == | |
| - | ==== Jan. 7—May 8—Sept. 7 ==== | + | |
| And so we are going to establish a school for the service of the Lord. In founding it we hope to introduce nothing harsh or burdensome. But if a certain strictness results from the dictates of equity for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not be at once dismayed and fly from the way of salvation, whose entrance cannot but be narrow. For as we advance in the religious life and in faith, our hearts expand and we run the way of God's commandments with unspeakable sweetness of love. Thus, never departing from His school, but persevering in the monastery according to His teaching until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ and deserve to have a share also in His kingdom. | And so we are going to establish a school for the service of the Lord. In founding it we hope to introduce nothing harsh or burdensome. But if a certain strictness results from the dictates of equity for the amendment of vices or the preservation of charity, do not be at once dismayed and fly from the way of salvation, whose entrance cannot but be narrow. For as we advance in the religious life and in faith, our hearts expand and we run the way of God's commandments with unspeakable sweetness of love. Thus, never departing from His school, but persevering in the monastery according to His teaching until death, we may by patience share in the sufferings of Christ and deserve to have a share also in His kingdom. | ||
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| On the Kinds of Monks | On the Kinds of Monks | ||
| - | Jan. 8—May 9—Sept. 8 | + | == Jan. 8—May 9—Sept. 8 == |
| It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first kind are the Cenobites: those who live in monasteries and serve under a rule and an Abbot. | It is well known that there are four kinds of monks. The first kind are the Cenobites: those who live in monasteries and serve under a rule and an Abbot. | ||
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| Passing these over, therefore, let us proceed, with God's help, to lay down a rule for the strongest kind of monks, the Cenobites. | Passing these over, therefore, let us proceed, with God's help, to lay down a rule for the strongest kind of monks, the Cenobites. | ||
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| - | + | == Jan. 9—May 10—Sept. 9 == | |
| - | ==== Jan. 9—May 10—Sept. 9 ==== | + | |
| An Abbot who is worthy to be over a monastery should always remember what he is called, and live up to the name of Superior. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, being called by a name of His, which is taken from the words of the Apostle: “You have received a Spirit of adoption as sons, by virtue of which we cry, ‘Abba—Father!' | An Abbot who is worthy to be over a monastery should always remember what he is called, and live up to the name of Superior. For he is believed to hold the place of Christ in the monastery, being called by a name of His, which is taken from the words of the Apostle: “You have received a Spirit of adoption as sons, by virtue of which we cry, ‘Abba—Father!' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 10—May 11—Sept. 10 ==== | + | == Jan. 10—May 11—Sept. 10 == |
| Let the Abbot always bear in mind that at the dread Judgment of God there will be an examination of these two matters: his teaching and the obedience of his disciples. And let the Abbot be sure that any lack of profit the master of the house may find in the sheep will be laid to the blame of the shepherd. On the other hand, if the shepherd has bestowed all his pastoral diligence on a restless, unruly flock and tried every remedy for their unhealthy behavior, then he will be acquitted at the Lord's Judgment and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: “I have not concealed Your justice within my heart; Your truth and Your salvation I have declared. But they have despised and rejected me.” And then finally let death itself, irresistible, | Let the Abbot always bear in mind that at the dread Judgment of God there will be an examination of these two matters: his teaching and the obedience of his disciples. And let the Abbot be sure that any lack of profit the master of the house may find in the sheep will be laid to the blame of the shepherd. On the other hand, if the shepherd has bestowed all his pastoral diligence on a restless, unruly flock and tried every remedy for their unhealthy behavior, then he will be acquitted at the Lord's Judgment and may say to the Lord with the Prophet: “I have not concealed Your justice within my heart; Your truth and Your salvation I have declared. But they have despised and rejected me.” And then finally let death itself, irresistible, | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 11—May 12—Sept. 11 ==== | + | == Jan. 11—May 12—Sept. 11 == |
| Therefore, when anyone receives the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples with a twofold teaching. That is to say, he should show them all that is good and holy by his deeds even more than by his words, expounding the Lord's commandments in words to the intelligent among his disciples, but demonstrating the divine precepts by his actions for those of harder hearts and ruder minds. And whatever he has taught his disciples to be contrary to God's law, let him indicate by his example that it is not to be done, lest, while preaching to others, he himself be found reprobate, and lest God one day say to him in his sin, “Why do you declare My statutes and profess My covenant with your lips, whereas you hate discipline and have cast My words behind you?” And again, “You were looking at the speck in your brother' | Therefore, when anyone receives the name of Abbot, he ought to govern his disciples with a twofold teaching. That is to say, he should show them all that is good and holy by his deeds even more than by his words, expounding the Lord's commandments in words to the intelligent among his disciples, but demonstrating the divine precepts by his actions for those of harder hearts and ruder minds. And whatever he has taught his disciples to be contrary to God's law, let him indicate by his example that it is not to be done, lest, while preaching to others, he himself be found reprobate, and lest God one day say to him in his sin, “Why do you declare My statutes and profess My covenant with your lips, whereas you hate discipline and have cast My words behind you?” And again, “You were looking at the speck in your brother' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 12—May 13—Sept. 12 ==== | + | == Jan. 12—May 13—Sept. 12 == |
| Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let him not love one more than another, unless it be one whom he finds better in good works or in obedience. Let him not advance one of noble birth ahead of one who was formerly a slave, unless there be some other reasonable ground for it. But if the Abbot for just reason think fit to do so, let him advance one of any rank whatever. Otherwise let them keep their due places; because, whether slaves or freemen, we are all one in Christ and bear an equal burden of service in the army of the same Lord. For with God there is no respect of persons. Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight: if we be found better than others in good works and humility. Therefore let the Abbot show equal love to all and impose the same discipline on all according to their deserts. | Let him make no distinction of persons in the monastery. Let him not love one more than another, unless it be one whom he finds better in good works or in obedience. Let him not advance one of noble birth ahead of one who was formerly a slave, unless there be some other reasonable ground for it. But if the Abbot for just reason think fit to do so, let him advance one of any rank whatever. Otherwise let them keep their due places; because, whether slaves or freemen, we are all one in Christ and bear an equal burden of service in the army of the same Lord. For with God there is no respect of persons. Only for one reason are we preferred in His sight: if we be found better than others in good works and humility. Therefore let the Abbot show equal love to all and impose the same discipline on all according to their deserts. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 13—May 14—Sept. 13 ==== | + | == Jan. 13—May 14—Sept. 13 == |
| In his teaching the Abbot should always follow the Apostle' | In his teaching the Abbot should always follow the Apostle' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 14—May 15—Sept. 14 ==== | + | == Jan. 14—May 15—Sept. 14 == |
| The Abbot should always remember what he is and what he is called, and should know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required. Let him understand also what a difficult and arduous task he has undertaken: ruling souls and adapting himself to a variety of characters. One he must coax, another scold, another persuade, according to each one's character and understanding. Thus he must adjust and adapt himself to all in such a way that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to his care, but may even rejoice in the increase of a good flock. | The Abbot should always remember what he is and what he is called, and should know that to whom more is committed, from him more is required. Let him understand also what a difficult and arduous task he has undertaken: ruling souls and adapting himself to a variety of characters. One he must coax, another scold, another persuade, according to each one's character and understanding. Thus he must adjust and adapt himself to all in such a way that he may not only suffer no loss in the flock committed to his care, but may even rejoice in the increase of a good flock. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 15—May 16—Sept. 15 ==== | + | == Jan. 15—May 16—Sept. 15 == |
| Above all let him not neglect or undervalue the welfare of the souls committed to him, in a greater concern for fleeting, earthly, perishable things; but let him always bear m mind that he has undertaken the government of souls and that he will have to give an account of them. | Above all let him not neglect or undervalue the welfare of the souls committed to him, in a greater concern for fleeting, earthly, perishable things; but let him always bear m mind that he has undertaken the government of souls and that he will have to give an account of them. | ||
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| Thus the constant apprehension about his coming examination as shepherd concerning the sheep entrusted to him, and his anxiety over the account that must be given for others, make him careful of his own record. And while by his admonitions he is helping others to amend, he himself is cleansed of his faults. | Thus the constant apprehension about his coming examination as shepherd concerning the sheep entrusted to him, and his anxiety over the account that must be given for others, make him careful of his own record. And while by his admonitions he is helping others to amend, he himself is cleansed of his faults. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 16—May 17—Sept. 16 ==== | + | == Jan. 16—May 17—Sept. 16 == |
| Whenever any important business has to be done in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community and state the matter to be acted upon. Then, having heard the brethren' | Whenever any important business has to be done in the monastery, let the Abbot call together the whole community and state the matter to be acted upon. Then, having heard the brethren' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 17—May 18—Sept. 17 ==== | + | == Jan. 17—May 18—Sept. 17 == |
| In all things, therefore, let all follow the Rule as guide, and let no one be so rash as to deviate from it. Let no one in the monastery follow his own heart' | In all things, therefore, let all follow the Rule as guide, and let no one be so rash as to deviate from it. Let no one in the monastery follow his own heart' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 18—May 19—Sept. 18 ==== | + | == Jan. 18—May 19—Sept. 18 == |
| - In the first place, to love the Lord God with the whole heart, the whole soul, the whole strength. | - In the first place, to love the Lord God with the whole heart, the whole soul, the whole strength. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 19—May 20—Sept. 19 ==== | + | == Jan. 19—May 20—Sept. 19 == |
| - Not to give way to anger. | - Not to give way to anger. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 20—May 21—Sept. 20 ==== | + | == Jan. 20—May 21—Sept. 20 == |
| - To fear the Day of Judgment. | - To fear the Day of Judgment. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 21—May 22—Sept. 21 ==== | + | == Jan. 21—May 22—Sept. 21 == |
| - To fulfil God's commandments daily in one's deeds. | - To fulfil God's commandments daily in one's deeds. | ||
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| - | + | == Jan. 22—May 23—Sept. 22 == | |
| - | ==== Jan. 22—May 23—Sept. 22 ==== | + | |
| The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This is the virtue of those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ; who, because of the holy service they have professed, and the fear of hell, and the glory of life everlasting, | The first degree of humility is obedience without delay. This is the virtue of those who hold nothing dearer to them than Christ; who, because of the holy service they have professed, and the fear of hell, and the glory of life everlasting, | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 23—May 24—Sept. 23 ==== | + | == Jan. 23—May 24—Sept. 23 == |
| But this very obedience will be acceptable to God and pleasing to men only if what is commanded is done without hesitation, delay, lukewarmness, | But this very obedience will be acceptable to God and pleasing to men only if what is commanded is done without hesitation, delay, lukewarmness, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 6 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 6 ===== |
| On the Spirit of Silence | On the Spirit of Silence | ||
| - | Jan. 24—May 25—Sept. 24 | + | ====Jan. 24—May 25—Sept. 24==== |
| Let us do what the Prophet says: “I said, ‘I will guard my ways, that I may not sin with my tongue. I have set a guard to my mouth.' | Let us do what the Prophet says: “I said, ‘I will guard my ways, that I may not sin with my tongue. I have set a guard to my mouth.' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 7 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 7 ===== |
| On Humility | On Humility | ||
| - | + | == Jan. 25—May 26—Sept. 25 == | |
| - | ==== Jan. 25—May 26—Sept. 25 ==== | + | |
| Holy Scripture, brethren, cries out to us, saying, “Everyone who exalts himself shall be humbled, and he who humbles himself shall be exalted.” In saying this it shows us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the Prophet proves himself to be on guard when he says, “Lord, my heart is not exalted, nor are mine eyes lifted up; neither have I walked in great matters, nor in wonders above me.” But how has he acted? “Rather have I been of humble mind than exalting myself; as a weaned child on its mother' | Holy Scripture, brethren, cries out to us, saying, “Everyone who exalts himself shall be humbled, and he who humbles himself shall be exalted.” In saying this it shows us that all exaltation is a kind of pride, against which the Prophet proves himself to be on guard when he says, “Lord, my heart is not exalted, nor are mine eyes lifted up; neither have I walked in great matters, nor in wonders above me.” But how has he acted? “Rather have I been of humble mind than exalting myself; as a weaned child on its mother' | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 26—May 27—Sept. 26 ==== | + | == Jan. 26—May 27—Sept. 26 == |
| The first degree of humility, then, is that a person keep the fear of God before his eyes and beware of ever forgetting it. Let him be ever mindful of all that God has commanded; let his thoughts constantly recur to the hell-fire which will burn for their sins those who despise God, and to the life everlasting which is prepared for those who fear Him. Let him keep himself at every moment from sins and vices, whether of the mind, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or the self-will, and check also the desires of the flesh. | The first degree of humility, then, is that a person keep the fear of God before his eyes and beware of ever forgetting it. Let him be ever mindful of all that God has commanded; let his thoughts constantly recur to the hell-fire which will burn for their sins those who despise God, and to the life everlasting which is prepared for those who fear Him. Let him keep himself at every moment from sins and vices, whether of the mind, the tongue, the hands, the feet, or the self-will, and check also the desires of the flesh. | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 27—May 28—Sept. 27 ==== | + | == Jan. 27—May 28—Sept. 27 == |
| Let a man consider that God is always looking at him from heaven, that his actions are everywhere visible to the divine eyes and are constantly being reported to God by the Angels. This is what the Prophet shows us when he represents God as ever present within our thoughts, in the words “Searcher of minds and hearts is God” and again in the words “The Lord knows the thoughts of men.” Again he says, “You have read my thoughts from afar” and “The thoughts of men will confess to You.” | Let a man consider that God is always looking at him from heaven, that his actions are everywhere visible to the divine eyes and are constantly being reported to God by the Angels. This is what the Prophet shows us when he represents God as ever present within our thoughts, in the words “Searcher of minds and hearts is God” and again in the words “The Lord knows the thoughts of men.” Again he says, “You have read my thoughts from afar” and “The thoughts of men will confess to You.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 28—May 29—Sept. 28 ==== | + | == Jan. 28—May 29—Sept. 28 == |
| As for self-will, we are forbidden to do our own will by the Scripture, which says to us, “Turn away from your own will,” and likewise by the prayer in which we ask God that His will be done in us. And rightly are we taught not to do our own will when we take heed to the warning of Scripture: “There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends of them plunge into the depths of hell”; and also when we tremble at what is said of the careless: “They are corrupt and have become abominable in their wills.” | As for self-will, we are forbidden to do our own will by the Scripture, which says to us, “Turn away from your own will,” and likewise by the prayer in which we ask God that His will be done in us. And rightly are we taught not to do our own will when we take heed to the warning of Scripture: “There are ways which to men seem right, but the ends of them plunge into the depths of hell”; and also when we tremble at what is said of the careless: “They are corrupt and have become abominable in their wills.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 29—May 30—Sept. 29 ==== | + | == Jan. 29—May 30—Sept. 29 == |
| We must be on our guard, therefore, against evil desires, for death lies close by the gate of pleasure. Hence the Scripture gives this command: “Go not after your concupiscences.” | We must be on our guard, therefore, against evil desires, for death lies close by the gate of pleasure. Hence the Scripture gives this command: “Go not after your concupiscences.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 30—May 31—Sept. 30 ==== | + | == Jan. 30—May 31—Sept. 30 == |
| The second degree of humility is that a person love not his own will nor take pleasure in satisfying his desires, but model his actions on the saying of the Lord, “I have come not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.” It is written also, “Self-will has its punishment, but constraint wins a crown.” | The second degree of humility is that a person love not his own will nor take pleasure in satisfying his desires, but model his actions on the saying of the Lord, “I have come not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.” It is written also, “Self-will has its punishment, but constraint wins a crown.” | ||
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| - | ==== Jan. 31—June 1—Oct. 1 ==== | + | == Jan. 31—June 1—Oct. 1 == |
| The third degree of humility is that a person for love of God submit himself to his Superior in all obedience, imitating the Lord, of whom the Apostle says, “He became obedient even unto death.” | The third degree of humility is that a person for love of God submit himself to his Superior in all obedience, imitating the Lord, of whom the Apostle says, “He became obedient even unto death.” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 1—June 2—Oct. 2 ==== | + | == Feb. 1—June 2—Oct. 2 == |
| The fourth degree of humility is that he hold fast to patience with a silent mind when in this obedience he meets with difficulties and contradictions and even any kind of injustice, enduring all without growing weary or running away. For the Scripture says, “He who perseveres to the end, he it is who shall be saved”; and again, “Let your heart take courage, and wait for the Lord!” | The fourth degree of humility is that he hold fast to patience with a silent mind when in this obedience he meets with difficulties and contradictions and even any kind of injustice, enduring all without growing weary or running away. For the Scripture says, “He who perseveres to the end, he it is who shall be saved”; and again, “Let your heart take courage, and wait for the Lord!” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 2—June 3—Oct. 3 ==== | + | == Feb. 2—June 3—Oct. 3 == |
| The fifth degree of humility is that he hide from his Abbot none of the evil thoughts that enter his heart or the sins committed in secret, but that he humbly confess them. The Scripture urges us to this when it says, “Reveal your way to the Lord and hope in Him,” and again, “Confess to the Lord, for He is good, for His mercy endures forever.” And the Prophet likewise says, “My offense I have made known to You, and my iniquities I have not covered up. I said: ‘I will declare against myself my iniquities to the Lord;' and ‘You forgave the wickedness of my heart.' | The fifth degree of humility is that he hide from his Abbot none of the evil thoughts that enter his heart or the sins committed in secret, but that he humbly confess them. The Scripture urges us to this when it says, “Reveal your way to the Lord and hope in Him,” and again, “Confess to the Lord, for He is good, for His mercy endures forever.” And the Prophet likewise says, “My offense I have made known to You, and my iniquities I have not covered up. I said: ‘I will declare against myself my iniquities to the Lord;' and ‘You forgave the wickedness of my heart.' | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 3—June 4—Oct. 4 ==== | + | == Feb. 3—June 4—Oct. 4 == |
| The sixth degree of humility is that a monk be content with the poorest and worst of everything, and that in every occupation assigned him he consider himself a bad and worthless workman, saying with the Prophet, “I am brought to nothing and I am without understanding; | The sixth degree of humility is that a monk be content with the poorest and worst of everything, and that in every occupation assigned him he consider himself a bad and worthless workman, saying with the Prophet, “I am brought to nothing and I am without understanding; | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 4—June 5—Oct. 5 ==== | + | == Feb. 4—June 5—Oct. 5 == |
| The seventh degree of humility is that he consider himself lower and of less account than anyone else, and this not only in verbal protestation but also with the most heartfelt inner conviction, humbling himself and saying with the Prophet, “But I am a worm and no man, the scorn of men and the outcast of the people. After being exalted, I have been humbled and covered with confusion.” And again, “It is good for me that You have humbled me, that I may learn Your commandments.” | The seventh degree of humility is that he consider himself lower and of less account than anyone else, and this not only in verbal protestation but also with the most heartfelt inner conviction, humbling himself and saying with the Prophet, “But I am a worm and no man, the scorn of men and the outcast of the people. After being exalted, I have been humbled and covered with confusion.” And again, “It is good for me that You have humbled me, that I may learn Your commandments.” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 5—June 6—Oct. 6 ==== | + | == Feb. 5—June 6—Oct. 6 == |
| The eighth degree of humility is that a monk do nothing except what is commended by the common Rule of the monastery and the example of the elders. | The eighth degree of humility is that a monk do nothing except what is commended by the common Rule of the monastery and the example of the elders. | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 6—June 7—Oct. 7 ==== | + | == Feb. 6—June 7—Oct. 7 == |
| The ninth degree of humility is that a monk restrain his tongue and keep silence, not speaking until he is questioned. For the Scripture shows that “in much speaking there is no escape from sin” and that “the talkative man is not stable on the earth.” | The ninth degree of humility is that a monk restrain his tongue and keep silence, not speaking until he is questioned. For the Scripture shows that “in much speaking there is no escape from sin” and that “the talkative man is not stable on the earth.” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 7—June 8—Oct. 8 ==== | + | == Feb. 7—June 8—Oct. 8 == |
| The tenth degree of humility is that he be not ready and quick to laugh, for it is written, “The fool lifts up his voice in laughter.” | The tenth degree of humility is that he be not ready and quick to laugh, for it is written, “The fool lifts up his voice in laughter.” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 8—June 9—Oct. 9 ==== | + | == Feb. 8—June 9—Oct. 9 == |
| The eleventh degree of humility is that when a monk speaks he do so gently and without laughter, humbly and seriously, in few and sensible words, and that he be not noisy in his speech. It is written, “A wise man is known by the fewness of his words.” | The eleventh degree of humility is that when a monk speaks he do so gently and without laughter, humbly and seriously, in few and sensible words, and that he be not noisy in his speech. It is written, “A wise man is known by the fewness of his words.” | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 9—June 10—Oct. 10 ==== | + | == Feb. 9—June 10—Oct. 10 == |
| The twelfth degree of humility is that a monk not only have humility in his heart but also by his very appearance make it always manifest to those who see him. That is to say that whether he is at the Work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the fields or anywhere else, and whether sitting, walking or standing, he should always have his head bowed and his eyes toward the ground. Feeling the guilt of his sins at every moment, he should consider himself already present at the dread Judgment and constantly say in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: “Lord, I am a sinner and not worthy to lift up my eyes to heaven”; and again with the Prophet: “I am bowed down and humbled everywhere.” Having climbed all these steps of humility, therefore, the monk will presently come to that perfect love of God which casts out fear. And all those precepts which formerly he had not observed without fear, he will now begin to keep by reason of that love, without any effort, as though naturally and by habit. No longer will his motive be the fear of hell, but rather the love of Christ, good habit and delight in the virtues which the Lord will deign to show forth by the Holy Spirit in His servant now cleansed from vice and sin. | The twelfth degree of humility is that a monk not only have humility in his heart but also by his very appearance make it always manifest to those who see him. That is to say that whether he is at the Work of God, in the oratory, in the monastery, in the garden, on the road, in the fields or anywhere else, and whether sitting, walking or standing, he should always have his head bowed and his eyes toward the ground. Feeling the guilt of his sins at every moment, he should consider himself already present at the dread Judgment and constantly say in his heart what the publican in the Gospel said with his eyes fixed on the earth: “Lord, I am a sinner and not worthy to lift up my eyes to heaven”; and again with the Prophet: “I am bowed down and humbled everywhere.” Having climbed all these steps of humility, therefore, the monk will presently come to that perfect love of God which casts out fear. And all those precepts which formerly he had not observed without fear, he will now begin to keep by reason of that love, without any effort, as though naturally and by habit. No longer will his motive be the fear of hell, but rather the love of Christ, good habit and delight in the virtues which the Lord will deign to show forth by the Holy Spirit in His servant now cleansed from vice and sin. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 8 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 8 ===== |
| On the Divine Office During the Night | On the Divine Office During the Night | ||
| - | Feb. 10—June 11—Oct. 11 | + | ====Feb. 10—June 11—Oct. 11==== |
| In winter time, that is from the Calends of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what is calculated to be the eighth hour of the night, so that they may sleep somewhat longer than half the night and rise with their rest completed. And the time that remains after the Night Office should be spent in study by those brethren who need a better knowledge of the Psalter or the lessons. | In winter time, that is from the Calends of November until Easter, the brethren shall rise at what is calculated to be the eighth hour of the night, so that they may sleep somewhat longer than half the night and rise with their rest completed. And the time that remains after the Night Office should be spent in study by those brethren who need a better knowledge of the Psalter or the lessons. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 9 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 9 ===== |
| How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office | How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at the Night Office | ||
| - | Feb. 11—June 12—Oct. 12 | + | ====Feb. 11—June 12—Oct. 12==== |
| In winter time as defined above, there is first this verse to be said three times: “O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Your praise.” To it is added Psalm 3 and the “Glory be to the Father,” and after that Psalm 94 to be chanted with an antiphon or even chanted simply. Let the Ambrosian hymn follow next, and then six Psalms with antiphons. When these are finished and the verse said, let the Abbot give a blessing; then, all being seated on the benches, let three lessons be read from the book on the lectern by the brethren in their turns, and after each lesson let a responsory be chanted. Two of the responsories are to be said without a “Glory be to the Father”; but after the third lesson let the chanter say the “Glory be to the Father,” and as soon as he begins it let all rise from their seats out of honor and reverence to the Holy Trinity. | In winter time as defined above, there is first this verse to be said three times: “O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Your praise.” To it is added Psalm 3 and the “Glory be to the Father,” and after that Psalm 94 to be chanted with an antiphon or even chanted simply. Let the Ambrosian hymn follow next, and then six Psalms with antiphons. When these are finished and the verse said, let the Abbot give a blessing; then, all being seated on the benches, let three lessons be read from the book on the lectern by the brethren in their turns, and after each lesson let a responsory be chanted. Two of the responsories are to be said without a “Glory be to the Father”; but after the third lesson let the chanter say the “Glory be to the Father,” and as soon as he begins it let all rise from their seats out of honor and reverence to the Holy Trinity. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 10 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 10 ===== |
| How the Night Office Is to Be Said in Summer Time | How the Night Office Is to Be Said in Summer Time | ||
| - | Feb. 12—June 13—Oct. 13 | + | ====Feb. 12—June 13—Oct. 13==== |
| From Easter until the Calends of November let the same number of Psalms be kept as prescribed above; but no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the nights. Instead of those three lessons let one lesson from the Old Testament be said by heart and followed by a short responsory. But all the rest should be done as has been said, that is to say that never fewer than twelve Psalms should be said at the Night Office, not counting Psalm 3 and Psalm 94. | From Easter until the Calends of November let the same number of Psalms be kept as prescribed above; but no lessons are to be read from the book, on account of the shortness of the nights. Instead of those three lessons let one lesson from the Old Testament be said by heart and followed by a short responsory. But all the rest should be done as has been said, that is to say that never fewer than twelve Psalms should be said at the Night Office, not counting Psalm 3 and Psalm 94. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 11 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 11 ===== |
| How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays | How the Night Office Is to Be Said on Sundays | ||
| - | Feb. 13—June 14—Oct. 14 | + | ====Feb. 13—June 14—Oct. 14==== |
| On Sunday the hour of rising for the Night Office should be earlier. In that Office let the measure already prescribed be kept, namely the singing of six Psalms and a verse. Then let all be seated on the benches in their proper order while the lessons and their responsories are read from the book, as we said above. These shall be four in number, with the chanter saying the “Glory be to the Father” in the fourth responsory only, and all rising reverently as soon as he begins it. | On Sunday the hour of rising for the Night Office should be earlier. In that Office let the measure already prescribed be kept, namely the singing of six Psalms and a verse. Then let all be seated on the benches in their proper order while the lessons and their responsories are read from the book, as we said above. These shall be four in number, with the chanter saying the “Glory be to the Father” in the fourth responsory only, and all rising reverently as soon as he begins it. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 12 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 12 ===== |
| How the Morning Office Is to Be Said | How the Morning Office Is to Be Said | ||
| - | Feb. 14—June 15—Oct. 15 | + | ====Feb. 14—June 15—Oct. 15==== |
| The Morning Office on Sunday shall begin with Psalm 66 recited straight through without an antiphon. After that let Psalm 50 be said with “Alleluia, | The Morning Office on Sunday shall begin with Psalm 66 recited straight through without an antiphon. After that let Psalm 50 be said with “Alleluia, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 13 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 13 ===== |
| How the Morning Office Is to Be Said on Weekdays | How the Morning Office Is to Be Said on Weekdays | ||
| - | + | == Feb. 15—June 16—Oct. 16 == | |
| - | ==== Feb. 15—June 16—Oct. 16 ==== | + | |
| On weekdays the Morning Office shall be celebrated as follows. Let Psalm 66 be said without an antiphon and somewhat slowly, as on Sunday, in order that all may be in time for Psalm 50, which is to be said with an antiphon. After that let two other Psalms be said according to custom, namely: on Monday Psalms 5 and 35, on Tuesday Psalms 42 and 56, on Wednesday Psalms 63 and 64, on Thursday Psalms 87 and 89, on Friday Psalms 75 and 91, and on Saturday Psalm 142 and the canticle from Deuteronomy, | On weekdays the Morning Office shall be celebrated as follows. Let Psalm 66 be said without an antiphon and somewhat slowly, as on Sunday, in order that all may be in time for Psalm 50, which is to be said with an antiphon. After that let two other Psalms be said according to custom, namely: on Monday Psalms 5 and 35, on Tuesday Psalms 42 and 56, on Wednesday Psalms 63 and 64, on Thursday Psalms 87 and 89, on Friday Psalms 75 and 91, and on Saturday Psalm 142 and the canticle from Deuteronomy, | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 16—June 17—Oct. 17 ==== | + | == Feb. 16—June 17—Oct. 17 == |
| The Morning and Evening Offices should never be allowed to pass without the Superior saying the Lord's Prayer in its place at the end so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal which are apt to spring up. Thus those who hear it, being warned by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say, “Forgive us as we forgive,” may cleanse themselves of faults against that covenant. | The Morning and Evening Offices should never be allowed to pass without the Superior saying the Lord's Prayer in its place at the end so that all may hear it, on account of the thorns of scandal which are apt to spring up. Thus those who hear it, being warned by the covenant which they make in that prayer when they say, “Forgive us as we forgive,” may cleanse themselves of faults against that covenant. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 14 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 14 ===== |
| How the Night Office Is to Be Said on the Feasts of the Saints | How the Night Office Is to Be Said on the Feasts of the Saints | ||
| - | Feb. 17—June 18—Oct. 18 | + | ====Feb. 17—June 18—Oct. 18==== |
| On the feasts of Saints and on all festivals let the Office be performed as we have prescribed for Sundays, except that the Psalms, the antiphons and the lessons belonging to that particular day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have specified above. | On the feasts of Saints and on all festivals let the Office be performed as we have prescribed for Sundays, except that the Psalms, the antiphons and the lessons belonging to that particular day are to be said. Their number, however, shall remain as we have specified above. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 15 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 15 ===== |
| At What Times “Alleluia” Is to Be Said | At What Times “Alleluia” Is to Be Said | ||
| - | Feb. 18—June 19—Oct. 19 | + | ====Feb. 18—June 19—Oct. 19==== |
| From holy Easter until Pentecost without interruption let “Alleluia” be said both in the Psalms and in the responsories. From Pentecost to the beginning of Lent let it be said every night with the last six Psalms of the Night Office only. On every Sunday, however, outside of Lent, the canticles, the Morning Office, Prime, Terce, Sext and None shall be said with “Alleluia, | From holy Easter until Pentecost without interruption let “Alleluia” be said both in the Psalms and in the responsories. From Pentecost to the beginning of Lent let it be said every night with the last six Psalms of the Night Office only. On every Sunday, however, outside of Lent, the canticles, the Morning Office, Prime, Terce, Sext and None shall be said with “Alleluia, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 16 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 16 ===== |
| How the Work of God Is to Be Performed During the Day | How the Work of God Is to Be Performed During the Day | ||
| - | Feb. 19—June 20—Oct. 20 | + | ====Feb. 19—June 20—Oct. 20==== |
| “Seven times in the day,” says the Prophet, “I have rendered praise to You.” Now that sacred number of seven will be fulfilled by us if we perform the Offices of our service at the time of the Morning Office, of Prime, of Terce, of Sext, of None, of Vespers and of Compline, since it was of these day Hours that he said, “Seven times in the day I have rendered praise to You.” For as to the Night Office the same Prophet says, “In the middle of the night I arose to glorify You.” | “Seven times in the day,” says the Prophet, “I have rendered praise to You.” Now that sacred number of seven will be fulfilled by us if we perform the Offices of our service at the time of the Morning Office, of Prime, of Terce, of Sext, of None, of Vespers and of Compline, since it was of these day Hours that he said, “Seven times in the day I have rendered praise to You.” For as to the Night Office the same Prophet says, “In the middle of the night I arose to glorify You.” | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 17 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 17 ===== |
| How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at These Hours | How Many Psalms Are to Be Said at These Hours | ||
| - | Feb. 20—June 21—Oct. 21 | + | ====Feb. 20—June 21—Oct. 21==== |
| We have already arranged the order of the psalmody for the Night and Morning Offices; let us now provide for the remaining Hours. | We have already arranged the order of the psalmody for the Night and Morning Offices; let us now provide for the remaining Hours. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 18 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 18 ===== |
| In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said | In What Order the Psalms Are to Be Said | ||
| - | + | == Feb. 21—June 22—Oct. 22 == | |
| - | ==== Feb. 21—June 22—Oct. 22 ==== | + | |
| Let this verse be said: “Incline unto my aid, O God; O Lord, make haste to help me,” and the “Glory be to the Father”; then the hymn proper to each Hour. | Let this verse be said: “Incline unto my aid, O God; O Lord, make haste to help me,” and the “Glory be to the Father”; then the hymn proper to each Hour. | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 22—June 23—Oct. 23 ==== | + | == Feb. 22—June 23—Oct. 23 == |
| At Terce, Sext and None on Monday let the nine remaining sections of Psalm 118 be said, three at each of these Hours. | At Terce, Sext and None on Monday let the nine remaining sections of Psalm 118 be said, three at each of these Hours. | ||
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| - | ==== Feb. 23—June 24—Oct. 24 ==== | + | == Feb. 23—June 24—Oct. 24 == |
| Vespers are to be sung with four Psalms every day. These shall begin with Psalm 109 and go on to Psalm 147, omitting those which are set apart for other Hours; that is to say that with the exception of Psalms 117 to 127 and Psalms 133 and 142, all the rest of these are to be said at Vespers. And since there are three Psalms too few, let the longer ones of the above number be divided, namely Psalms 138, 143 and 144. But let Psalm 116 because of its brevity be joined to Psalm 115. | Vespers are to be sung with four Psalms every day. These shall begin with Psalm 109 and go on to Psalm 147, omitting those which are set apart for other Hours; that is to say that with the exception of Psalms 117 to 127 and Psalms 133 and 142, all the rest of these are to be said at Vespers. And since there are three Psalms too few, let the longer ones of the above number be divided, namely Psalms 138, 143 and 144. But let Psalm 116 because of its brevity be joined to Psalm 115. | ||
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| - | ==== (Feb. 24 in leap year; otherwise added to the preceding)—June 25—Oct. 25 ==== | + | == (Feb. 24 in leap year; otherwise added to the preceding)—June 25—Oct. 25 == |
| The order of psalmody for the day Hours being thus arranged, let all the remaining Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night Offices by dividing the longer Psalms among them and assigning twelve Psalms to each night. | The order of psalmody for the day Hours being thus arranged, let all the remaining Psalms be equally distributed among the seven Night Offices by dividing the longer Psalms among them and assigning twelve Psalms to each night. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 19 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 19 ===== |
| On the Manner of Saying the Divine Office | On the Manner of Saying the Divine Office | ||
| - | Feb. 24 (25)—June 26—Oct. 26 | + | ====Feb. 24 (25)—June 26—Oct. 26==== |
| We believe that the divine presence is everywhere and that “the eyes of the Lord are looking on the good and the evil in every place.” But we should believe this especially without any doubt when we are assisting at the Work of God. To that end let us be mindful always of the Prophet' | We believe that the divine presence is everywhere and that “the eyes of the Lord are looking on the good and the evil in every place.” But we should believe this especially without any doubt when we are assisting at the Work of God. To that end let us be mindful always of the Prophet' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 20 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 20 ===== |
| On Reverence in Prayer | On Reverence in Prayer | ||
| - | Feb. 26 (27)—June 28—Oct. 28 | + | ====Feb. 26 (27)—June 28—Oct. 28==== |
| If the community is a large one, let there be chosen out of it brethren of good repute and holy life, and let them be appointed deans. These shall take charge of their deaneries in all things, observing the commandments of God and the instructions of their Abbot. | If the community is a large one, let there be chosen out of it brethren of good repute and holy life, and let them be appointed deans. These shall take charge of their deaneries in all things, observing the commandments of God and the instructions of their Abbot. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 22 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 22 ===== |
| How the Monks Are to Sleep | How the Monks Are to Sleep | ||
| - | Feb. 27 (28)—June 29—Oct. 29 | + | ====Feb. 27 (28)—June 29—Oct. 29==== |
| Let each one sleep in a separate bed. Let them receive bedding suitable to their manner of life, according to the Abbot' | Let each one sleep in a separate bed. Let them receive bedding suitable to their manner of life, according to the Abbot' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 23 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 23 ===== |
| On Excommunication for Faults | On Excommunication for Faults | ||
| - | Feb. 28 (29)—June 30—Oct. 30 | + | == Feb. 28 (29)—June 30—Oct. 30 == |
| If a brother is found to be obstinate, or disobedient, | If a brother is found to be obstinate, or disobedient, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 24 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 24 ===== |
| What the Measure of Excommunication Should Be | What the Measure of Excommunication Should Be | ||
| - | Mar. 1—July 1—Oct. 31 | + | == Mar. 1—July 1—Oct. 31 == |
| The measure of excommunication or of chastisement should correspond to the degree of fault, which degree is estimated by the Abbot' | The measure of excommunication or of chastisement should correspond to the degree of fault, which degree is estimated by the Abbot' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 25 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 25 ===== |
| On Weightier Faults | On Weightier Faults | ||
| - | Mar. 2—July 2—Nov. 1 | + | == Mar. 2—July 2—Nov. 1 == |
| Let the brother who is guilty of a weightier fault be excluded both from the table and from the oratory. Let none of the brethren join him either for company or for conversation. Let him be alone at the work assigned him, abiding in penitential sorrow and pondering that terrible sentence of the Apostle where he says that a man of that kind is handed over for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. Let him take his meals alone in the measure and at the hour which the Abbot shall consider suitable for him. He shall not be blessed by those who pass by, nor shall the food that is given him be blessed. | Let the brother who is guilty of a weightier fault be excluded both from the table and from the oratory. Let none of the brethren join him either for company or for conversation. Let him be alone at the work assigned him, abiding in penitential sorrow and pondering that terrible sentence of the Apostle where he says that a man of that kind is handed over for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord. Let him take his meals alone in the measure and at the hour which the Abbot shall consider suitable for him. He shall not be blessed by those who pass by, nor shall the food that is given him be blessed. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 26 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 26 ===== |
| On Those Who Without an Order Associate With the Excommunicated | On Those Who Without an Order Associate With the Excommunicated | ||
| - | Mar. 3—July 3—Nov. 2 | + | == Mar. 3—July 3—Nov. 2 == |
| If any brother presumes without an order from the Abbot to associate in any way with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur a similar punishment of excommunication. | If any brother presumes without an order from the Abbot to associate in any way with an excommunicated brother, or to speak with him, or to send him a message, let him incur a similar punishment of excommunication. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 27 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 27 ===== |
| How Solicitous the Abbot Should Be for the Excommunicated | How Solicitous the Abbot Should Be for the Excommunicated | ||
| - | Mar. 4—July 4—Nov. 3 | + | == Mar. 4—July 4—Nov. 3 == |
| Let the Abbot be most solicitous in his concern for delinquent brethren, for “it is not the healthy but the sick who need a physician.” And therefore he ought to use every means that a wise physician would use. Let him send “senpectae, | Let the Abbot be most solicitous in his concern for delinquent brethren, for “it is not the healthy but the sick who need a physician.” And therefore he ought to use every means that a wise physician would use. Let him send “senpectae, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 28 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 28 ===== |
| On Those Who Will Not Amend After Repeated Corrections | On Those Who Will Not Amend After Repeated Corrections | ||
| - | Mar. 5—July 5—Nov. 4 | + | == Mar. 5—July 5—Nov. 4 == |
| If a brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, and even excommunicated, | If a brother who has been frequently corrected for some fault, and even excommunicated, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 29 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 29 ===== |
| Whether Brethren Who Leave the Monastery Should Be Received Again | Whether Brethren Who Leave the Monastery Should Be Received Again | ||
| - | Mar. 6—July 6—Nov. 5 | + | == Mar. 6—July 6—Nov. 5 == |
| If a brother who through his own fault leaves the monastery should wish to return, let him first promise full reparation for his having gone away; and then let him be received in the lowest place, as a test of his humility. And if he should leave again, let him be taken back again, and so a third time; but he should understand that after this all way of return is denied him. | If a brother who through his own fault leaves the monastery should wish to return, let him first promise full reparation for his having gone away; and then let him be received in the lowest place, as a test of his humility. And if he should leave again, let him be taken back again, and so a third time; but he should understand that after this all way of return is denied him. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 30 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 30 ===== |
| How Boys Are to Be Corrected | How Boys Are to Be Corrected | ||
| - | Mar. 7—July 7—Nov. 6 | + | == Mar. 7—July 7—Nov. 6 == |
| Every age and degree of understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. With regard to boys and adolescents, | Every age and degree of understanding should have its proper measure of discipline. With regard to boys and adolescents, | ||
| Line 817: | Line 811: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 31 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 31 ===== |
| What Kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery Should Be | What Kind of Man the Cellarer of the Monastery Should Be | ||
| - | + | == Mar. 8—July 8—Nov. 7 == | |
| - | ==== Mar. 8—July 8—Nov. 7 ==== | + | |
| As cellarer of the monastery let there be chosen from the community one who is wise, of mature character, sober, not a great eater, not haughty, not excitable, not offensive, not slow, not wasteful, but a God-fearing man who may be like a father to the whole community. | As cellarer of the monastery let there be chosen from the community one who is wise, of mature character, sober, not a great eater, not haughty, not excitable, not offensive, not slow, not wasteful, but a God-fearing man who may be like a father to the whole community. | ||
| Line 837: | Line 830: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 9—July 9—Nov. 8 ==== | + | == Mar. 9—July 9—Nov. 8 == |
| Above all things let him have humility; and if he has nothing else to give let him give a good word in answer, for it is written, “A good word is above the best gift.” | Above all things let him have humility; and if he has nothing else to give let him give a good word in answer, for it is written, “A good word is above the best gift.” | ||
| Line 849: | Line 842: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 32 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 32 ===== |
| On the Tools and Property of the Monastery | On the Tools and Property of the Monastery | ||
| - | Mar. 10—July 10—Nov. 9 | + | == Mar. 10—July 10—Nov. 9 == |
| For the care of the monastery' | For the care of the monastery' | ||
| Line 861: | Line 854: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 33 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 33 ===== |
| Whether Monks Ought to Have Anything of Their Own | Whether Monks Ought to Have Anything of Their Own | ||
| - | Mar. 11—July 11—Nov. 10 | + | == Mar. 11—July 11—Nov. 10 == |
| This vice especially is to be cut out of the monastery by the roots. Let no one presume to give or receive anything without the Abbot' | This vice especially is to be cut out of the monastery by the roots. Let no one presume to give or receive anything without the Abbot' | ||
| Line 873: | Line 866: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 34 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 34 ===== |
| Whether All Should Receive in Equal Measure What Is Necessary | Whether All Should Receive in Equal Measure What Is Necessary | ||
| - | Mar. 12—July 12—Nov. 11 | + | == Mar. 12—July 12—Nov. 11 == |
| Let us follow the Scripture, “Distribution was made to each according as anyone had need.” By this we do not mean that there should be respecting of persons (which God forbid), but consideration for infirmities. He who needs less should thank God and not be discontented; | Let us follow the Scripture, “Distribution was made to each according as anyone had need.” By this we do not mean that there should be respecting of persons (which God forbid), but consideration for infirmities. He who needs less should thank God and not be discontented; | ||
| Line 885: | Line 878: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 35 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 35 ===== |
| On the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen | On the Weekly Servers in the Kitchen | ||
| - | + | == Mar. 13—July 13—Nov. 12 == | |
| - | ==== Mar. 13—July 13—Nov. 12 ==== | + | |
| Let the brethren serve one another, and let no one be excused from the kitchen service except by reason of sickness or occupation in some important work. For this service brings increase of reward and of charity. But let helpers be provided for the weak ones, that they may not be distressed by this work; and indeed let everyone have help, as required by the size of the community or the circumstances of the locality. If the community is a large one, the cellarer shall be excused from the kitchen service; and so also those whose occupations are of greater utility, as we said above. Let the rest serve one another in charity. | Let the brethren serve one another, and let no one be excused from the kitchen service except by reason of sickness or occupation in some important work. For this service brings increase of reward and of charity. But let helpers be provided for the weak ones, that they may not be distressed by this work; and indeed let everyone have help, as required by the size of the community or the circumstances of the locality. If the community is a large one, the cellarer shall be excused from the kitchen service; and so also those whose occupations are of greater utility, as we said above. Let the rest serve one another in charity. | ||
| Line 899: | Line 891: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 14—July 14—Nov. 13 ==== | + | == Mar. 14—July 14—Nov. 13 == |
| An hour before the meal let the weekly servers each receive a drink and some bread, over and above the appointed allowance, in order that at the meal time they may serve their brethren without murmuring and without excessive fatigue. On solemn days, however, let them wait until after Mass. | An hour before the meal let the weekly servers each receive a drink and some bread, over and above the appointed allowance, in order that at the meal time they may serve their brethren without murmuring and without excessive fatigue. On solemn days, however, let them wait until after Mass. | ||
| Line 907: | Line 899: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 36 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 36 ===== |
| On the Sick Brethren | On the Sick Brethren | ||
| - | Mar. 15—July 15—Nov. 14 | + | == Mar. 15—July 15—Nov. 14 == |
| Before all things and above all things, care must be taken of the sick, so that they will be served as if they were Christ in person; for He Himself said, “I was sick, and you visited Me,” and, “What you did for one of these least ones, you did for Me.” But let the sick on their part consider that they are being served for the honor of God, and let them not annoy their brethren who are serving them by their unnecessary demands. Yet they should be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Therefore the Abbot shall take the greatest care that they suffer no neglect. | Before all things and above all things, care must be taken of the sick, so that they will be served as if they were Christ in person; for He Himself said, “I was sick, and you visited Me,” and, “What you did for one of these least ones, you did for Me.” But let the sick on their part consider that they are being served for the honor of God, and let them not annoy their brethren who are serving them by their unnecessary demands. Yet they should be patiently borne with, because from such as these is gained a more abundant reward. Therefore the Abbot shall take the greatest care that they suffer no neglect. | ||
| Line 921: | Line 913: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 37 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 37 ===== |
| On Old Men and Children | On Old Men and Children | ||
| - | Mar. 16—July 16—Nov. 15 | + | == Mar. 16—July 16—Nov. 15 == |
| Although human nature itself is drawn to special kindness towards these times of life, that is towards old men and children, still the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and let them by no means be held to the rigor of the Rule with regard to food. On the contrary, let a kind consideration be shown to them, and let them eat before the regular hours. | Although human nature itself is drawn to special kindness towards these times of life, that is towards old men and children, still the authority of the Rule should also provide for them. Let their weakness be always taken into account, and let them by no means be held to the rigor of the Rule with regard to food. On the contrary, let a kind consideration be shown to them, and let them eat before the regular hours. | ||
| Line 931: | Line 923: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 38 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 38 ===== |
| On the Weekly Reader | On the Weekly Reader | ||
| - | Mar. 17—July 17—Nov. 16 | + | == Mar. 17—July 17—Nov. 16 == |
| The meals of the brethren should not be without reading. Nor should the reader be anyone who happens to take up the book; but there should be a reader for the whole week, entering that office on Sunday. Let this incoming reader, after Mass and Communion, ask all to pray for him that God may keep him from the spirit of pride. And let him intone the following verse, which shall be said three times by all in the oratory: “O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Your praise.” Then, having received a blessing, let him enter on the reading. | The meals of the brethren should not be without reading. Nor should the reader be anyone who happens to take up the book; but there should be a reader for the whole week, entering that office on Sunday. Let this incoming reader, after Mass and Communion, ask all to pray for him that God may keep him from the spirit of pride. And let him intone the following verse, which shall be said three times by all in the oratory: “O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth shall declare Your praise.” Then, having received a blessing, let him enter on the reading. | ||
| Line 947: | Line 939: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 39 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 39 ===== |
| On the Measure of Food | On the Measure of Food | ||
| - | Mar. 18—July 18—Nov. 17 | + | == Mar. 18—July 18—Nov. 17 |
| We think it sufficient for the daily dinner, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that every table have two cooked dishes, on account of individual infirmities, | We think it sufficient for the daily dinner, whether at the sixth or the ninth hour, that every table have two cooked dishes, on account of individual infirmities, | ||
| Line 965: | Line 957: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 40 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 40 ===== |
| On the Measure of Drink | On the Measure of Drink | ||
| - | Mar. 19—July 19—Nov. 18 | + | == Mar. 19—July 19—Nov. 18 |
| “Everyone has his own gift from God, one in this way and another in that.” It is therefore with some misgiving that we regulate the measure of other men's sustenance. Nevertheless, | “Everyone has his own gift from God, one in this way and another in that.” It is therefore with some misgiving that we regulate the measure of other men's sustenance. Nevertheless, | ||
| Line 979: | Line 971: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 41 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 41 ===== |
| At What Hours the Meals Should Be Taken | At What Hours the Meals Should Be Taken | ||
| - | Mar. 20—July 20—Nov. 19 | + | == Mar. 20—July 20—Nov. 19 |
| From holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren take dinner at the sixth hour and supper in the evening. | From holy Easter until Pentecost let the brethren take dinner at the sixth hour and supper in the evening. | ||
| Line 995: | Line 987: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 42 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 42 ===== |
| That No One Speak After Compline | That No One Speak After Compline | ||
| - | Mar. 21—July 21—Nov. 20 | + | == Mar. 21—July 21—Nov. 20 |
| Monks ought to be zealous for silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. For every season, therefore, whether there be fasting or two meals, let the program be as follows: | Monks ought to be zealous for silence at all times, but especially during the hours of the night. For every season, therefore, whether there be fasting or two meals, let the program be as follows: | ||
| Line 1011: | Line 1003: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 43 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 43 ===== |
| On Those Who Come Late to the Work of God or to Table | On Those Who Come Late to the Work of God or to Table | ||
| Line 1017: | Line 1009: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 22—July 22—Nov. 21 ==== | + | == Mar. 22—July 22—Nov. 21 == |
| At the hour for the Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let them abandon whatever they may have in hand and hasten with the greatest speed, yet with seriousness, | At the hour for the Divine Office, as soon as the signal is heard, let them abandon whatever they may have in hand and hasten with the greatest speed, yet with seriousness, | ||
| Line 1027: | Line 1019: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 23—July 23—Nov. 22 ==== | + | == Mar. 23—July 23—Nov. 22 == |
| Anyone who does not come to table before the verse, so that all together may say the verse and the oration and all sit down to table at the same time—anyone who through his own carelessness or bad habit does not come on time shall be corrected for this up to the second time. If then he does not amend, he shall not be allowed to share in the common table, but shall be separated from the company of all and made to eat alone, and his portion of wine shall be taken away from him, until he has made satisfaction and has amended. And let him suffer a like penalty who is not present at the verse said after the meal. | Anyone who does not come to table before the verse, so that all together may say the verse and the oration and all sit down to table at the same time—anyone who through his own carelessness or bad habit does not come on time shall be corrected for this up to the second time. If then he does not amend, he shall not be allowed to share in the common table, but shall be separated from the company of all and made to eat alone, and his portion of wine shall be taken away from him, until he has made satisfaction and has amended. And let him suffer a like penalty who is not present at the verse said after the meal. | ||
| Line 1035: | Line 1027: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 44 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 44 ===== |
| How the Excommunicated Are to Make Satisfaction | How the Excommunicated Are to Make Satisfaction | ||
| - | Mar. 24—July 24—Nov. 23 | + | == Mar. 24—July 24—Nov. 23 == |
| One who for serious faults is excommunicated from oratory and table shall make satisfaction as follows. At the hour when the celebration of the Work of God is concluded in the oratory, let him lie prostrate before the door of the oratory, saying nothing, but only lying prone with his face to the ground at the feet of all as they come out of the oratory. And let him continue to do this until the Abbot judges that satisfaction has been made. Then, when he has come at the Abbot' | One who for serious faults is excommunicated from oratory and table shall make satisfaction as follows. At the hour when the celebration of the Work of God is concluded in the oratory, let him lie prostrate before the door of the oratory, saying nothing, but only lying prone with his face to the ground at the feet of all as they come out of the oratory. And let him continue to do this until the Abbot judges that satisfaction has been made. Then, when he has come at the Abbot' | ||
| Line 1049: | Line 1041: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 45 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 45 ===== |
| On Those Who Make Mistakes in the Oratory | On Those Who Make Mistakes in the Oratory | ||
| - | Mar. 25—July 25—Nov. 24 | + | == Mar. 25—July 25—Nov. 24 == |
| When anyone has made a mistake while reciting a Psalm, a responsory, an antiphon or a lesson, if he does not humble himself there before all by making a satisfaction, | When anyone has made a mistake while reciting a Psalm, a responsory, an antiphon or a lesson, if he does not humble himself there before all by making a satisfaction, | ||
| Line 1061: | Line 1053: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 46 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 46 ===== |
| On Those Who Fail in Any Other Matters | On Those Who Fail in Any Other Matters | ||
| - | Mar. 26—July 26—Nov. 25 | + | == Mar. 26—July 26—Nov. 25 == |
| When anyone is engaged in any sort of work, whether in the kitchen, in the cellar, in a shop, in the bakery, in the garden, while working at some craft, or in any other place, and he commits some fault, or breaks something, or loses something, or transgresses in any other way whatsoever, if he does not come immediately before the Abbot and the community of his own accord to make satisfaction and confess his fault, then when it becomes known through another, let him be subjected to a more severe correction. | When anyone is engaged in any sort of work, whether in the kitchen, in the cellar, in a shop, in the bakery, in the garden, while working at some craft, or in any other place, and he commits some fault, or breaks something, or loses something, or transgresses in any other way whatsoever, if he does not come immediately before the Abbot and the community of his own accord to make satisfaction and confess his fault, then when it becomes known through another, let him be subjected to a more severe correction. | ||
| Line 1073: | Line 1065: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 47 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 47 ===== |
| On Giving the Signal for the Time of the Work of God | On Giving the Signal for the Time of the Work of God | ||
| - | Mar. 27—July 27—Nov. 26 | + | == Mar. 27—July 27—Nov. 26 == |
| The indicating of the hour of the Work of God by day and by night shall devolve upon the Abbot, either to give the signal himself or to assign this duty to such a careful brother that everything will take place at the proper hours. | The indicating of the hour of the Work of God by day and by night shall devolve upon the Abbot, either to give the signal himself or to assign this duty to such a careful brother that everything will take place at the proper hours. | ||
| Line 1085: | Line 1077: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 48 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 48 ===== |
| On the Daily Manual Labor | On the Daily Manual Labor | ||
| Line 1091: | Line 1083: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 28—July 28—Nov. 27 ==== | + | == Mar. 28—July 28—Nov. 27 == |
| Idleness is the enemy of the soul. Therefore the brethren should be occupied at certain times in manual labor, and again at fixed hours in sacred reading. To that end we think that the times for each may be prescribed as follows. | Idleness is the enemy of the soul. Therefore the brethren should be occupied at certain times in manual labor, and again at fixed hours in sacred reading. To that end we think that the times for each may be prescribed as follows. | ||
| Line 1101: | Line 1093: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 29—July 29—Nov. 28 ==== | + | == Mar. 29—July 29—Nov. 28 == |
| From the Calends of October until the beginning of Lent, let them apply themselves to reading up to the end of the second hour. At the second hour let Terce be said, and then let all labor at the work assigned them until None. At the first signal for the Hour of None let everyone break off from his work, and hold himself ready for the sounding of the second signal. After the meal let them apply themselves to their reading or to the Psalms. | From the Calends of October until the beginning of Lent, let them apply themselves to reading up to the end of the second hour. At the second hour let Terce be said, and then let all labor at the work assigned them until None. At the first signal for the Hour of None let everyone break off from his work, and hold himself ready for the sounding of the second signal. After the meal let them apply themselves to their reading or to the Psalms. | ||
| Line 1113: | Line 1105: | ||
| - | ==== Mar. 30—July 30—Nov. 29 ==== | + | == Mar. 30—July 30—Nov. 29 == |
| On Sundays, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to various duties. But if anyone should be so negligent and shiftless that he will not or cannot study or read, let him be given some work to do so that he will not be idle. | On Sundays, let all occupy themselves in reading, except those who have been appointed to various duties. But if anyone should be so negligent and shiftless that he will not or cannot study or read, let him be given some work to do so that he will not be idle. | ||
| Line 1121: | Line 1113: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 49 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 49 ===== |
| On the Observance of Lent | On the Observance of Lent | ||
| - | Mar. 31—July 31—Nov. 30 | + | == Mar. 31—July 31—Nov. 30 == |
| Although the life of a monk ought to have about it at all times the character of a Lenten observance, yet since few have the virtue for that, we therefore urge that during the actual days of Lent the brethren keep their lives most pure and at the same time wash away during these holy days all the negligences of other times. And this will be worthily done if we restrain ourselves from all vices and give ourselves up to prayer with tears, to reading, to compunction of heart and to abstinence. | Although the life of a monk ought to have about it at all times the character of a Lenten observance, yet since few have the virtue for that, we therefore urge that during the actual days of Lent the brethren keep their lives most pure and at the same time wash away during these holy days all the negligences of other times. And this will be worthily done if we restrain ourselves from all vices and give ourselves up to prayer with tears, to reading, to compunction of heart and to abstinence. | ||
| Line 1135: | Line 1127: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 50 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 50 ===== |
| On Brethren Who Are Working Far From the Oratory or Are on a Journey | On Brethren Who Are Working Far From the Oratory or Are on a Journey | ||
| - | Apr. 1—Aug. 1—Dec. 1 | + | == Apr. 1—Aug. 1—Dec. 1 == |
| Those brethren who are working at a great distance and cannot get to the oratory at the proper time—the Abbot judging that such is the case—shall perform the Work of God in the place where they are working, bending their knees in reverence before God. | Those brethren who are working at a great distance and cannot get to the oratory at the proper time—the Abbot judging that such is the case—shall perform the Work of God in the place where they are working, bending their knees in reverence before God. | ||
| Line 1147: | Line 1139: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 51 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 51 ===== |
| On Brethren Who Go Not Very Far Away | On Brethren Who Go Not Very Far Away | ||
| - | Apr. 2—Aug. 2—Dec. 2 | + | == Apr. 2—Aug. 2—Dec. 2 == |
| A brother who is sent out on some business and is expected to return to the monastery that same day shall not presume to eat while he is out, even if he is urgently requested to do so by any person whomsoever, unless he has permission from his Abbot. And if he acts otherwise, let him be excommunicated. | A brother who is sent out on some business and is expected to return to the monastery that same day shall not presume to eat while he is out, even if he is urgently requested to do so by any person whomsoever, unless he has permission from his Abbot. And if he acts otherwise, let him be excommunicated. | ||
| Line 1157: | Line 1149: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 52 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 52 ===== |
| On the Oratory of the Monastery | On the Oratory of the Monastery | ||
| - | Apr. 3—Aug. 3—Dec. 3 | + | == Apr. 3—Aug. 3—Dec. 3 == |
| Let the oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer; and let nothing else be done there or kept there. When the Work of God is ended, let all go out in perfect silence, and let reverence for God be observed, so that any brother who may wish to pray privately will not be hindered by another' | Let the oratory be what it is called, a place of prayer; and let nothing else be done there or kept there. When the Work of God is ended, let all go out in perfect silence, and let reverence for God be observed, so that any brother who may wish to pray privately will not be hindered by another' | ||
| Line 1167: | Line 1159: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 53 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 53 ===== |
| On the Reception of Guests | On the Reception of Guests | ||
| Line 1173: | Line 1165: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 4—Aug. 4—Dec. 4 ==== | + | == Apr. 4—Aug. 4—Dec. 4 == |
| Let all guests who arrive be received like Christ, for He is going to say, “I came as a guest, and you received Me.” And to all let due honor be shown, especially to the domestics of the faith and to pilgrims. | Let all guests who arrive be received like Christ, for He is going to say, “I came as a guest, and you received Me.” And to all let due honor be shown, especially to the domestics of the faith and to pilgrims. | ||
| Line 1187: | Line 1179: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 5—Aug. 5—Dec. 5 ==== | + | == Apr. 5—Aug. 5—Dec. 5 == |
| Let there be a separate kitchen for the Abbot and guests, that the brethren may not be disturbed when guests, who are never lacking in a monastery, arrive at irregular hours. Let two brethren capable of filling the office well be appointed for a year to have charge of this kitchen. Let them be given such help as they need, that they may serve without murmuring. And on the other hand, when they have less to occupy them, let them go out to whatever work is assigned them. | Let there be a separate kitchen for the Abbot and guests, that the brethren may not be disturbed when guests, who are never lacking in a monastery, arrive at irregular hours. Let two brethren capable of filling the office well be appointed for a year to have charge of this kitchen. Let them be given such help as they need, that they may serve without murmuring. And on the other hand, when they have less to occupy them, let them go out to whatever work is assigned them. | ||
| Line 1199: | Line 1191: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 54 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 54 ===== |
| Whether a Monk Should Receive Letters or Anything Else | Whether a Monk Should Receive Letters or Anything Else | ||
| - | Apr. 6—Aug. 6—Dec. 6 | + | == Apr. 6—Aug. 6—Dec. 6 == |
| On no account shall a monk be allowed to receive letters, tokens or any little gift whatsoever from his parents or anyone else, or from his brethren, or to give the same, without the Abbot' | On no account shall a monk be allowed to receive letters, tokens or any little gift whatsoever from his parents or anyone else, or from his brethren, or to give the same, without the Abbot' | ||
| Line 1211: | Line 1203: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 55 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 55 ===== |
| On the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren | On the Clothes and Shoes of the Brethren | ||
| Line 1217: | Line 1209: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 7—Aug. 7—Dec. 7 ==== | + | == Apr. 7—Aug. 7—Dec. 7 == |
| Let clothing be given to the brethren according to the nature of the place in which they dwell and its climate; for in cold regions more will be needed, and in warm regions less. This is to be taken into consideration, | Let clothing be given to the brethren according to the nature of the place in which they dwell and its climate; for in cold regions more will be needed, and in warm regions less. This is to be taken into consideration, | ||
| Line 1233: | Line 1225: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 8—Aug. 8—Dec. 8 ==== | + | == Apr. 8—Aug. 8—Dec. 8 == |
| For bedding let this suffice: a mattress, a blanket, a coverlet and a pillow. | For bedding let this suffice: a mattress, a blanket, a coverlet and a pillow. | ||
| Line 1243: | Line 1235: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 56 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 56 ===== |
| On the Abbot' | On the Abbot' | ||
| - | Apr. 9—Aug. 9—Dec. 9 | + | == Apr. 9—Aug. 9—Dec. 9 == |
| Let the Abbot' | Let the Abbot' | ||
| Line 1253: | Line 1245: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 57 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 57 ===== |
| On the Craftsmen of the Monastery | On the Craftsmen of the Monastery | ||
| - | Apr. 10—Aug. 10—Dec. 10 | + | == Apr. 10—Aug. 10—Dec. 10 == |
| If there are craftsmen in the monastery, let them practice their crafts with all humility, provided the Abbot has given permission. But if any one of them becomes conceited over his skill in his craft, because he seems to be conferring a benefit on the monastery, let him be taken from his craft and no longer exercise it unless, after he has humbled himself, the Abbot again gives him permission. | If there are craftsmen in the monastery, let them practice their crafts with all humility, provided the Abbot has given permission. But if any one of them becomes conceited over his skill in his craft, because he seems to be conferring a benefit on the monastery, let him be taken from his craft and no longer exercise it unless, after he has humbled himself, the Abbot again gives him permission. | ||
| Line 1265: | Line 1257: | ||
| - | ===== CHAPTER 58 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 58 ===== |
| On the Manner of Receiving Brethren | On the Manner of Receiving Brethren | ||
| Line 1271: | Line 1263: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 11—Aug. 11—Dec. 11 ==== | + | == Apr. 11—Aug. 11—Dec. 11 == |
| When anyone is newly come for the reformation of his life, let him not be granted an easy entrance; but, as the Apostle says, “Test the spirits to see whether they are from God.” If the newcomer, therefore, perseveres in his knocking, and if it is seen after four or five days that he bears patiently the harsh treatment offered him and the difficulty of admission, and that he persists in his petition, then let entrance be granted him, and let him stay in the guest house for a few days. | When anyone is newly come for the reformation of his life, let him not be granted an easy entrance; but, as the Apostle says, “Test the spirits to see whether they are from God.” If the newcomer, therefore, perseveres in his knocking, and if it is seen after four or five days that he bears patiently the harsh treatment offered him and the difficulty of admission, and that he persists in his petition, then let entrance be granted him, and let him stay in the guest house for a few days. | ||
| Line 1283: | Line 1275: | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 12—Aug. 12—Dec. 12 ==== | + | == Apr. 12—Aug. 12—Dec. 12 == |
| He who is to be received shall make a promise before all in the oratory of his stability and of the reformation of his life and of obedience. This promise he shall make before God and His Saints, so that if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him whom he mocks. Of this promise of his let him draw up a petition in the name of the Saints whose relics are there and of the Abbot who is present. Let him write this petition with his own hand; or if he is illiterate, let another write it at his request, and let the novice put his mark to it. Then let him place it with his own hand upon the altar; and when he has placed it there, let the novice at once intone this verse: “Receive me, O Lord, according to Your word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my hope.” Let the whole community answer this verse three times and add the “Glory be to the Father.” Then let the novice brother prostrate himself at each one's feet, that they may pray for him. And from that day forward let him be counted as one of the community. | He who is to be received shall make a promise before all in the oratory of his stability and of the reformation of his life and of obedience. This promise he shall make before God and His Saints, so that if he should ever act otherwise, he may know that he will be condemned by Him whom he mocks. Of this promise of his let him draw up a petition in the name of the Saints whose relics are there and of the Abbot who is present. Let him write this petition with his own hand; or if he is illiterate, let another write it at his request, and let the novice put his mark to it. Then let him place it with his own hand upon the altar; and when he has placed it there, let the novice at once intone this verse: “Receive me, O Lord, according to Your word, and I shall live: and let me not be confounded in my hope.” Let the whole community answer this verse three times and add the “Glory be to the Father.” Then let the novice brother prostrate himself at each one's feet, that they may pray for him. And from that day forward let him be counted as one of the community. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 59 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 59 ===== |
| On the Sons of Nobles and of the Poor Who Are Offered | On the Sons of Nobles and of the Poor Who Are Offered | ||
| - | Apr. 13—Aug. 13—Dec. 13 | + | == Apr. 13—Aug. 13—Dec. 13 == |
| If anyone of the nobility offers his son to God in the monastery and the boy is very young, let his parents draw up the petition which we mentioned above; and at the oblation let them wrap the petition and the boy's hand in the altar cloth and so offer him. | If anyone of the nobility offers his son to God in the monastery and the boy is very young, let his parents draw up the petition which we mentioned above; and at the oblation let them wrap the petition and the boy's hand in the altar cloth and so offer him. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 60 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 60 ===== |
| On Priests Who May Wish to Live in the Monastery | On Priests Who May Wish to Live in the Monastery | ||
| - | Apr. 14—Aug. 14—Dec. 14 | + | == Apr. 14—Aug. 14—Dec. 14 == |
| If anyone of the priestly order should ask to be received into the monastery, permission shall not be granted him too readily. But if he is quite persistent in his request, let him know that he will have to observe the whole discipline of the Rule and that nothing will be relaxed in his favor, that it may be as it is written: “Friend, for what have you come?” | If anyone of the priestly order should ask to be received into the monastery, permission shall not be granted him too readily. But if he is quite persistent in his request, let him know that he will have to observe the whole discipline of the Rule and that nothing will be relaxed in his favor, that it may be as it is written: “Friend, for what have you come?” | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 61 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 61 ===== |
| How Pilgrim Monks Are To Be Received | How Pilgrim Monks Are To Be Received | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 15—Aug. 15—Dec. 15 ==== | + | == Apr. 15—Aug. 15—Dec. 15 == |
| If a pilgrim monk coming from a distant region wants to live as a guest of the monastery, let him be received for as long a time as he desires, provided he is content with the customs of the place as he finds them and does not disturb the monastery by superfluous demands, but is simply content with what he finds. If, however, he censures or points out anything reasonably and with the humility of charity, let the Abbot consider prudently whether perhaps it was for that very purpose that the Lord sent him. | If a pilgrim monk coming from a distant region wants to live as a guest of the monastery, let him be received for as long a time as he desires, provided he is content with the customs of the place as he finds them and does not disturb the monastery by superfluous demands, but is simply content with what he finds. If, however, he censures or points out anything reasonably and with the humility of charity, let the Abbot consider prudently whether perhaps it was for that very purpose that the Lord sent him. | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 16—Aug. 16—Dec. 16 ==== | + | == Apr. 16—Aug. 16—Dec. 16 == |
| But if as a guest he was found exacting or prone to vice, not only should he be denied membership in the community, but he should even be politely requested to leave, lest others be corrupted by his evil life. | But if as a guest he was found exacting or prone to vice, not only should he be denied membership in the community, but he should even be politely requested to leave, lest others be corrupted by his evil life. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 62 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 62 ===== |
| On the Priests of the Monastery | On the Priests of the Monastery | ||
| - | Apr. 17—Aug. 17—Dec. 17 | + | == Apr. 17—Aug. 17—Dec. 17 == |
| If an Abbot desire to have a priest or a deacon ordained for his monastery, let him choose one of his monks who is worthy to exercise the priestly office. | If an Abbot desire to have a priest or a deacon ordained for his monastery, let him choose one of his monks who is worthy to exercise the priestly office. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 63 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 63 ===== |
| On the Order of the Community | On the Order of the Community | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 18—Aug. 18—Dec. 18 ==== | + | == Apr. 18—Aug. 18—Dec. 18 == |
| Let all keep their places in the monastery established by the time of their entrance, the merit of their lives and the decision of the Abbot. Yet the Abbot must not disturb the flock committed to him, nor by an arbitrary use of his power ordain anything unjustly; but let him always think of the account he will have to render to God for all his decisions and his deeds. | Let all keep their places in the monastery established by the time of their entrance, the merit of their lives and the decision of the Abbot. Yet the Abbot must not disturb the flock committed to him, nor by an arbitrary use of his power ordain anything unjustly; but let him always think of the account he will have to render to God for all his decisions and his deeds. | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 19—Aug. 19—Dec. 19 ==== | + | == Apr. 19—Aug. 19—Dec. 19 == |
| The juniors, therefore, should honor their seniors, and the seniors love their juniors. | The juniors, therefore, should honor their seniors, and the seniors love their juniors. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 64 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 64 ===== |
| On Constituting an Abbot | On Constituting an Abbot | ||
| - | + | == Apr. 20—Aug. 20—Dec. 20 == | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==== Apr. 20—Aug. 20—Dec. 20 ==== | + | |
| In the constituting of an Abbot let this plan always be followed, that the office be conferred on the one who is chosen either by the whole community unanimously in the fear of God or else by a part of the community, however small, if its counsel is more wholesome. | In the constituting of an Abbot let this plan always be followed, that the office be conferred on the one who is chosen either by the whole community unanimously in the fear of God or else by a part of the community, however small, if its counsel is more wholesome. | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 21—Aug. 21—Dec. 21 ==== | + | == Apr. 21—Aug. 21—Dec. 21 == |
| Once he has been constituted, | Once he has been constituted, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 65 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 65 ===== |
| On the Prior of the Monastery | On the Prior of the Monastery | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 22—Aug. 22—Dec. 22 ==== | + | == Apr. 22—Aug. 22—Dec. 22 == |
| It happens all too often that the constituting of a Prior gives rise to grave scandals in monasteries. For there are some who become inflated with the evil spirit of pride and consider themselves second Abbots. By usurping power they foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community. Especially does this happen in those places where the Prior is constituted by the same Bishop or the same Abbots who constitute the Abbot himself. What an absurd procedure this is can easily be seen; for it gives the Prior an occasion for becoming proud from the very time of his constitution, | It happens all too often that the constituting of a Prior gives rise to grave scandals in monasteries. For there are some who become inflated with the evil spirit of pride and consider themselves second Abbots. By usurping power they foster scandals and cause dissensions in the community. Especially does this happen in those places where the Prior is constituted by the same Bishop or the same Abbots who constitute the Abbot himself. What an absurd procedure this is can easily be seen; for it gives the Prior an occasion for becoming proud from the very time of his constitution, | ||
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| - | ==== Apr. 23—Aug. 23—Dec. 23 ==== | + | == Apr. 23—Aug. 23—Dec. 23 == |
| To us, therefore, it seems expedient for the preservation of peace and charity that the Abbot have in his hands the full administration of his monastery. And if possible let all the affairs of the monastery, as we have already arranged, be administered by deans according to the Abbot' | To us, therefore, it seems expedient for the preservation of peace and charity that the Abbot have in his hands the full administration of his monastery. And if possible let all the affairs of the monastery, as we have already arranged, be administered by deans according to the Abbot' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 66 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 66 ===== |
| On the Porters of the Monastery | On the Porters of the Monastery | ||
| - | Apr. 24—Aug. 24—Dec. 24 | + | == Apr. 24—Aug. 24—Dec. 24 == |
| At the gate of the monastery let there be placed a wise old man, who knows how to receive and to give a message, and whose maturity will prevent him from straying about. This porter should have a room near the gate, so that those who come may always find someone at hand to attend to their business. And as soon as anyone knocks or a poor man hails him, let him answer “Thanks be to God” or “A blessing!” Then let him attend to them promptly, with all the meekness inspired by the fear of God and with the warmth of charity. | At the gate of the monastery let there be placed a wise old man, who knows how to receive and to give a message, and whose maturity will prevent him from straying about. This porter should have a room near the gate, so that those who come may always find someone at hand to attend to their business. And as soon as anyone knocks or a poor man hails him, let him answer “Thanks be to God” or “A blessing!” Then let him attend to them promptly, with all the meekness inspired by the fear of God and with the warmth of charity. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 67 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 67 ===== |
| On Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey | On Brethren Who Are Sent on a Journey | ||
| - | Apr. 25—Aug. 25—Dec. 25 | + | == Apr. 25—Aug. 25—Dec. 25 == |
| Let the brethren who are sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot; and always at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be made of all absent brethren. | Let the brethren who are sent on a journey commend themselves to the prayers of all the brethren and of the Abbot; and always at the last prayer of the Work of God let a commemoration be made of all absent brethren. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 68 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 68 ===== |
| If a Brother Is Commanded to Do Impossible Things | If a Brother Is Commanded to Do Impossible Things | ||
| - | Apr. 26—Aug. 26—Dec. 26 | + | == Apr. 26—Aug. 26—Dec. 26 == |
| If it happens that difficult or impossible tasks are laid on a brother, let him nevertheless receive the order of the one in authority with all meekness and obedience. But if he sees that the weight of the burden altogether exceeds the limit of his strength, let him submit the reasons for his inability to the one who is over him in a quiet way and at an opportune time, without pride, resistance, or contradiction. And if after these representations the Superior still persists in his decision and command, let the subject know that this is for his good, and let him obey out of love, trusting in the help of God. | If it happens that difficult or impossible tasks are laid on a brother, let him nevertheless receive the order of the one in authority with all meekness and obedience. But if he sees that the weight of the burden altogether exceeds the limit of his strength, let him submit the reasons for his inability to the one who is over him in a quiet way and at an opportune time, without pride, resistance, or contradiction. And if after these representations the Superior still persists in his decision and command, let the subject know that this is for his good, and let him obey out of love, trusting in the help of God. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 69 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 69 ===== |
| That the Monks Presume Not to Defend One Another | That the Monks Presume Not to Defend One Another | ||
| - | Apr. 27—Aug. 27—Dec. 27 | + | == Apr. 27—Aug. 27—Dec. 27 == |
| Care must be taken that no monk presume on any ground to defend another monk in the monastery, or as it were to take him under his protection, even though they be united by some tie of blood-relationship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever, because it may give rise to most serious scandals. But if anyone breaks this rule, let him be severely punished. | Care must be taken that no monk presume on any ground to defend another monk in the monastery, or as it were to take him under his protection, even though they be united by some tie of blood-relationship. Let not the monks dare to do this in any way whatsoever, because it may give rise to most serious scandals. But if anyone breaks this rule, let him be severely punished. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 70 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 70 ===== |
| That No One Venture to Punish at Random | That No One Venture to Punish at Random | ||
| - | Apr. 28—Aug. 28—Dec. 28 | + | == Apr. 28—Aug. 28—Dec. 28 == |
| Every occasion of presumption shall be avoided in the monastery, and we decree that no one be allowed to excommunicate or to strike any of his brethren unless the Abbot has given him the authority. Those who offend in this matter shall be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may have fear. | Every occasion of presumption shall be avoided in the monastery, and we decree that no one be allowed to excommunicate or to strike any of his brethren unless the Abbot has given him the authority. Those who offend in this matter shall be rebuked in the presence of all, that the rest may have fear. | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 71 ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 71 ===== |
| That the Brethren Be Obedient to One Another | That the Brethren Be Obedient to One Another | ||
| - | Apr. 29—Aug. 29—Dec. 29 | + | == Apr. 29—Aug. 29—Dec. 29 == |
| Not only is the boon of obedience to be shown by all to the Abbot, but the brethren are also to obey one another, knowing that by this road of obedience they are going to God. Giving priority, therefore, to the commands of the Abbot and of the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred), for the rest let all the juniors obey their seniors with all charity and solicitude. But if anyone is found contentious, | Not only is the boon of obedience to be shown by all to the Abbot, but the brethren are also to obey one another, knowing that by this road of obedience they are going to God. Giving priority, therefore, to the commands of the Abbot and of the Superiors appointed by him (to which we allow no private orders to be preferred), for the rest let all the juniors obey their seniors with all charity and solicitude. But if anyone is found contentious, | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 72 — On the Good Zeal Which Monks Ought to Have ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 72 — On the Good Zeal Which Monks Ought to Have ===== |
| - | Apr. 30—Aug. 30—Dec. 30 | + | == Apr. 30—Aug. 30—Dec. 30 == |
| Just as there is an evil zeal of bitterness which separates from God and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal which separates from vices and leads to God and to life everlasting. This zeal, therefore, the monks should practice with the most fervent love. Thus they should anticipate one another in honor; most patiently endure one another' | Just as there is an evil zeal of bitterness which separates from God and leads to hell, so there is a good zeal which separates from vices and leads to God and to life everlasting. This zeal, therefore, the monks should practice with the most fervent love. Thus they should anticipate one another in honor; most patiently endure one another' | ||
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| - | ===== CHAPTER 73 — On the Fact That the Full Observance of Justice Is Not Established in This Rule ===== | + | ==== CHAPTER 73 — On the Fact That the Full Observance of Justice Is Not Established in This Rule ===== |
| - | May 1—Aug. 31—Dec. 31 | + | == May 1—Aug. 31—Dec. 31 == |
| Now we have written this Rule in order that by its observance in monasteries we may show that we have attained some degree of virtue and the rudiments of the religious life. | Now we have written this Rule in order that by its observance in monasteries we may show that we have attained some degree of virtue and the rudiments of the religious life. | ||
| Line 1535: | Line 1525: | ||
| Whoever you are, therefore, who are hastening to the heavenly homeland, fulfil with the help of Christ this minimum Rule which we have written for beginners; and then at length under God's protection you will attain to the loftier heights of doctrine and virtue which we have mentioned above. | Whoever you are, therefore, who are hastening to the heavenly homeland, fulfil with the help of Christ this minimum Rule which we have written for beginners; and then at length under God's protection you will attain to the loftier heights of doctrine and virtue which we have mentioned above. | ||
| - | ===== A Word from Project Gutenberg ===== | + | == A Word from Project Gutenberg ===== |
| This book can be found under: [[http:// | This book can be found under: [[http:// | ||
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