1.Epidermal cells of Rhoeo discolor. The vacuoles (pink) fill out the whole cells and the vacuoles fill out the whole cell bodies, plasmolyses. Arthropoda/Crustaceae, Cladocera, Daphnia 40x & Arthropoda/Crustaceae, Ostracoda, Cypris 40 source: http://www.acadweb.wwu.edu/courses/envr429-rm/ http://www.acadweb.wwu.edu/courses/envr429-rm/
2.http://www.acadweb.wwu.edu/courses/envr429-rm/ 3.Photos by: Mnolf, Date: 30.03.2004: License: GFDL Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
4.elodea & plasmolysis Copyright A. Gillham, ©Blackpool Sixth Form College 5.Monterey Jellyfish: copyright 1992 phil@mit.edu
6.Freshwater Jellyfish (Craspedacusta sowerbyi)by Gen-yu Sasaki, Japan

Snapping or Pistol-shrimp make flashing bubbles The cavitation bubbles created by shrimp in stunning their prey have some surprising properties. Snapping shrimp produce a loud crackling noise1, that is intense enough to disturb underwater communication. This sound originates from the violent collapse of a large cavitation bubble generated under the tensile forces of a high-velocity water jet formed when the shrimp's snapper-claw snaps shut. A short, intense flash of light is emitted as the bubble collapses, indicating that extreme pressures and temperatures of at least 5,000 K must exist inside the bubble at the point of collapse. We have dubbed this phenomenon 'shrimpoluminescence' — the first observation, to our knowledge, of this mode of light production in any animal — because of its apparent similarity to sonoluminescence the light emission from a bubble periodically driven by ultrasound. Source: Nature 413, 477-478 (4 October 2001) | doi:10.1038/35097152; Detlef Lohse1, Barbara Schmitz2 & Michel Versluis1 The Amazing Killer Pistol Shrimp: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeFUO2F7Gvw&NR=1

Green Treefrog:Lang Elliott, all rights reserved
Fiji_tree_frog_eggs,_close-up. source: www.ryanphotographic.com/vitiensis.htm jpg:
Marsh frog source: http://example.com|External Link

Argyroneta Aquatica: This is the only spider known to live permanently underwater. The spider can swim with ease and constructs an inverted retreat which it fills with air. This is accomplished by trapping air on the abdomen. The air is collected from the surface with a flick of the rear legs. At the retreat the air is brushed off, several journeys are required to fill the “bell”. Prey is taken to the retreat for consumption, although rarely it may be taken to the surface.. Moulting also takes place at the surface, or at least in the vegetation above it.. This would seem to be necessary for the cuticle to harden although moulting has also been observed within the bell.
source: _www.arages.de_Frank_Lepper_Freiburg Bubble Spider by Jacques De Schryver

Air rings: Dolphins and certain whales are known to blow bubble rings - they use it for fun about the thickness of a straw and 1 to 2 feet in diameter. The rings don't rise to the surface. The babies play with these underwater toys by moving them around with their rostrum, or biting them or to swim throug. They can elongate them with a flick of their dorsal fins into 15 foot corkscrews. Two ways of creating such rings; one way is by letting a ring out of their blow hole, the other by creating a water vortex ring and blowing air in the vortex ring.
source: http://www.earthtrust.org and http://www.deepocean.net/deepocean/science09.

Frigatebird showing inflated red pouch it uses in courtship displays
De klapmuts {zeehond…} De mannetjes hebben een brede, vlezige snuit die over de mond hangt. Ze kunnen deze uitgroeiing van de neusholte opblazen. In opgeblazen toestand is die blaas felrood en wordt gebruikt om vrouwtjes te imponeren en andere mannetjes af te schrikken.
Green Anoles (lizard) live in warm climates throughout the New World. Aside from their chameleon-like ability to change colors, the males of these small, agile lizards also possess a throat fan—known as a dewlap—which they use during territorial disputes and for courtship. When courting, a male will bob his head vigorously and may even perform an action that resembles push-ups. In response, a receptive female will bob her head in synchrony with the male.


Schijnspurrie (Spergularia media), is one of the only flowers that have there range on the lower salt marsh. When the area is flooded by the tide, the flower instantly closes it petles with an air bubble within the flower, so the pollen stay dry when the plant is under water. http://vimeo.com/48727622

Stalk eyed flie. http://netstorage.discovery.com/feeds/brightcove/asset-stills/dsc/126660092756212954500601197_Stalk_Eyed_Fly.jpg http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/39285-life-stalk-eyed-flies-inflate-eye-stalks-video.htm

Bubble Eye fish: Carassius auratus, bright orange bubble-eye goldfish has fluid-filled sacs under its eyes and a showy tail. The uitpuilende ogen van deze goudvis zijn gevuld met water. Handig is het niet, door die waterbellen kan hij niet goed zien, en ook zwemmen gaat niet fijn. In de natuur komt deze vis dus niet voor. Hij is speciaal gekweekt voor de liefhebbers.

Swim bladder, The Globe Fish lives in shallow water and uses its swim bladder to ascend and decend in the water. The swim bladder is a sac inside the abdomen that contains gas. If you have caught a fish and wondered why its eyes are bulging from its head, it is because the air in the swim bladder has expanded and is pushing against the back of its eye. The gas in the swim bladder is mostly oxygen. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are also present. De zwemblaas stelt de vis in staat om zijn massadichtheid continu aan te passen en het lichaam in de gewenste positie te houden zonder dat de vis verder energie hoeft te verbruiken met zwembewegingen.
In the squid next to it we can clearly see the swimbladder inside the body. source: squid21.jpgcranchiid_squid_juvenile_from_plankton-photo_uwe_kils_gfdl..jpg

Culinary Chinese School
Inflatable Duck: Blowing is much more efficient than stirrring.
“So today in Cooking Lecture we learned about making Peking Duck. Now as anybody knows, a good baked Peking Duck has a very crispy, thin skin while the meat behind it is moist and rich. I never wondered before how they actually accomplished this, I just kind of took it for granted. If you think about it, how is it possible to get the skin of the duck as crispy and thin as it is, while at the same time maintaining the moist meat behind it? With pigs, its because they have a thick layer of fat that acts as insulation, but no matter how much you fatten a duck, you won't be able to pull it off…. unless, as the highest chefs in Ming Dynasty China propositioned, you can somehow put air between the skin and the flesh of the duck. My teacher did this by sticking one finger in the anus, strangulating the throat with the other hand and blowing into a hole cut into the armpit. A rather unflattering position to say the least. But the duck was, as Mr. Yoshioka assured us later, a female at least. Our instructor later strung it up on a meat hook and poured hot oil and sugar all over the skin to seal its shape and add a crispiness to the skin and hung it in a huge broiler. BTW, since I sat in the first row directly in front of the teacher. I got first the sample while the duck is still warm out of the oven (which is when it tastes the best). I am happy to say that it was an incredibly delectable combination of the crisp, light skin and the moist, creamy meat that melts in your mouth. The hand-made chinese crepe also provided just the right elasticity and gumminess to provide a heavenly experience!”

–Johnathan

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